Vascular air embolism as a medically induced complication may be associated with numerous treatments and therapies. In infusion therapy, the risk is associated with venous and arterial catheterization as well as various other invasive procedures and much of the equipment used for them. The manner of air entry and the presentation of symptoms may vary greatly. Appropriate treatment options are dependent on air entry routes. Nurses need to be aware of the common and seldom-considered causes of air embolism to be able to guard against this complication, yet adequately support the patient if it occurs.