Library

 
Europe :: CROATIA
Page last updated on August 30, 2018
View 11 photos of
CROATIA

  • Introduction :: CROATIA

  • The lands that today comprise Croatia were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until the close of World War I. In 1918, the Croats, Serbs, and Slovenes formed a kingdom known after 1929 as Yugoslavia. Following World War II, Yugoslavia became a federal independent communist state consisting of six socialist republics under the strong hand of Marshal Josip Broz, aka TITO. Although Croatia declared its independence from Yugoslavia in 1991, it took four years of sporadic, but often bitter, fighting before occupying Serb armies were mostly cleared from Croatian lands, along with a majority of Croatia's ethnic Serb population. Under UN supervision, the last Serb-held enclave in eastern Slavonia was returned to Croatia in 1998. The country joined NATO in April 2009 and the EU in July 2013.
    CROATIA SUMMARY

  • Geography :: CROATIA

  • Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovenia
    45 10 N, 15 30 E
    Europe
    total: 56,594 sq km
    land: 55,974 sq km
    water: 620 sq km
    country comparison to the world: 128
    slightly smaller than West Virginia
    Area comparison map:
    total: 2,237 km
    border countries (5): Bosnia and Herzegovina 956 km, Hungary 348 km, Montenegro 19 km, Serbia 314 km, Slovenia 600 km
    5,835 km (mainland 1,777 km, islands 4,058 km)
    territorial sea: 12 nm
    continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
    Mediterranean and continental; continental climate predominant with hot summers and cold winters; mild winters, dry summers along coast
    geographically diverse; flat plains along Hungarian border, low mountains and highlands near Adriatic coastline and islands
    mean elevation: 331 m
    elevation extremes: lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m
    highest point: Dinara 1,831 m
    oil, some coal, bauxite, low-grade iron ore, calcium, gypsum, natural asphalt, silica, mica, clays, salt, hydropower
    agricultural land: 23.7%
    arable land 16%; permanent crops 1.5%; permanent pasture 6.2%
    forest: 34.4%
    other: 41.9% (2011 est.)
    240 sq km (2012)
    more of the population lives in the northern half of the country, with approximately a quarter of the populace residing in and around the capital of Zagreb; many of the islands are sparsely populated
    destructive earthquakes
    air pollution improving but still a concern in urban settings and in emissions arriving from neighboring countries; surface water pollution in the Danube River Basin
    party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
    signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
    controls most land routes from Western Europe to Aegean Sea and Turkish Straits; most Adriatic Sea islands lie off the coast of Croatia - some 1,200 islands, islets, ridges, and rocks

  • People and Society :: CROATIA

  • 4,292,095 (July 2017 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 128
    noun: Croat(s), Croatian(s)
    adjective: Croatian
    note: the French designation of "Croate" to Croatian mercenaries in the 17th century eventually became "Cravate" and later came to be applied to the soldiers' scarves - the cravat; Croatia celebrates Cravat Day every 18 October
    Croat 90.4%, Serb 4.4%, other 4.4% (including Bosniak, Hungarian, Slovene, Czech, and Romani), unspecified 0.8% (2011 est.)
    Croatian (official) 95.6%, Serbian 1.2%, other 3% (including Hungarian, Czech, Slovak, and Albanian), unspecified 0.2% (2011 est.)
    Roman Catholic 86.3%, Orthodox 4.4%, Muslim 1.5%, other 1.5%, unspecified 2.5%, not religious or atheist 3.8% (2011 est.)
    0-14 years: 14.21% (male 314,287/female 295,520)
    15-24 years: 11.24% (male 247,394/female 235,166)
    25-54 years: 40.43% (male 867,978/female 867,125)
    55-64 years: 14.82% (male 309,794/female 326,102)
    65 years and over: 19.31% (male 330,406/female 498,323) (2017 est.)
    population pyramid:
    total dependency ratio: 50.9
    youth dependency ratio: 22.4
    elderly dependency ratio: 28.5
    potential support ratio: 3.5 (2015 est.)
    total: 43 years
    male: 41.1 years
    female: 45 years (2017 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 19
    -0.5% (2017 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 222
    8.9 births/1,000 population (2017 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 210
    12.2 deaths/1,000 population (2017 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 21
    -1.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 151
    more of the population lives in the northern half of the country, with approximately a quarter of the populace residing in and around the capital of Zagreb; many of the islands are sparsely populated
    urban population: 56.9% of total population (2018)
    rate of urbanization: -0.08% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)
    ZAGREB (capital) 686,000 (2018)
    at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
    0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
    15-24 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
    25-54 years: 1 male(s)/female
    55-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female
    65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female
    total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
    28 years (2014 est.)
    8 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 158
    total: 9.3 deaths/1,000 live births
    male: 9 deaths/1,000 live births
    female: 9.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2017 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 145
    total population: 76.1 years
    male: 72.9 years
    female: 79.4 years (2017 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 89
    1.4 children born/woman (2017 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 211
    7.8% of GDP (2014)
    country comparison to the world: 58
    3.13 physicians/1,000 population (2014)
    5.6 beds/1,000 population (2015)
    improved:
    urban: 99.6% of population
    rural: 99.7% of population
    total: 99.6% of population
    unimproved:
    urban: 0.4% of population
    rural: 0.3% of population
    total: 0.4% of population (2015 est.)
    improved:
    urban: 97.8% of population
    rural: 95.8% of population
    total: 97% of population
    unimproved:
    urban: 2.2% of population
    rural: 4.2% of population
    total: 3% of population (2015 est.)
    <.1% (2016 est.)
    1,500 (2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 119
    <100 (2016 est.)
    degree of risk: intermediate
    vectorborne diseases: tickborne encephalitis (2016)
    24.4% (2016)
    country comparison to the world: 59
    4.6% of GDP (2013)
    country comparison to the world: 99
    definition: age 15 and over can read and write
    total population: 99.3%
    male: 99.7%
    female: 98.9% (2015 est.)
    total: 15 years
    male: 15 years
    female: 16 years (2014)
    total: 31.3%
    male: 31.2%
    female: 31.3% (2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 13

  • Government :: CROATIA

  • conventional long form: Republic of Croatia
    conventional short form: Croatia
    local long form: Republika Hrvatska
    local short form: Hrvatska
    former: People's Republic of Croatia, Socialist Republic of Croatia
    etymology: name derives from the Croats, a Slavic tribe who migrated to the Balkans in the 7th century A.D.
    parliamentary republic
    name: Zagreb
    geographic coordinates: 45 48 N, 16 00 E
    time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
    daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
    20 counties (zupanije, zupanija - singular) and 1 city* (grad - singular) with special county status; Bjelovarsko-Bilogorska(Bjelovar-Bilogora), Brodsko-Posavska (Brod-Posavina), Dubrovacko-Neretvanska (Dubrovnik-Neretva), Istarska (Istria), Karlovacka (Karlovac), Koprivnicko-Krizevacka (Koprivnica-Krizevci), Krapinsko-Zagorska (Krapina-Zagorje), Licko-Senjska (Lika-Senj), Medimurska (Medimurje), Osjecko-Baranjska (Osijek-Baranja), Pozesko-Slavonska (Pozega-Slavonia), Primorsko-Goranska (Primorje-Gorski Kotar), Sibensko-Kninska (Sibenik-Knin), Sisacko-Moslavacka (Sisak-Moslavina), Splitsko-Dalmatinska (Split-Dalmatia), Varazdinska (Varazdin), Viroviticko-Podravska (Virovitica-Podravina), Vukovarsko-Srijemska (Vukovar-Syrmia), Zadarska (Zadar), Zagreb*, Zagrebacka (Zagreb county)
    25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia); notable earlier dates: ca. 925 (Kingdom of Croatia established); 1 December 1918 (Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (Yugoslavia) established)
    Independence Day, 8 October (1991) and Statehood Day, 25 June (1991); note - 25 June 1991 was the day the Croatian parliament voted for independence; following a three-month moratorium to allow the European Community to solve the Yugoslav crisis peacefully, parliament adopted a decision on 8 October 1991 to sever constitutional relations with Yugoslavia
    history: several previous; latest adopted 22 December 1990
    amendments: proposed by at least one-fifth of the Assembly membership, by the president of the republic, by the Government of Croatia, or through petition by at least 10% of the total electorate; proceedings to amend require majority vote by the Assembly; passage requires two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly; passage by petition requires a majority vote in a referendum, and promulgation by the Assembly; amended several times, last in 2014 (2016)
    civil law system influenced by legal heritage of Austria-Hungary; note - Croatian law was fully harmonized with the European Community acquis as of the June 2010 completion of EU accession negotiations
    has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
    citizenship by birth: no
    citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Croatia
    dual citizenship recognized: yes
    residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
    18 years of age; universal
    chief of state: President Kolinda GRABAR-KITAROVIC (since 19 February 2015)
    head of government: Prime Minister Andrej PLENKOVIC (since 19 October 2016); Deputy Prime Ministers Damir KRSTICEVIC (since 19 October 2016), Predrag STROMAR (since 9 June 2017), Marija Pejcinovic BURIC (since 19 June 2017), and Tomislav TOLUSIC (since 25 May 2018)
    cabinet: Council of Ministers named by the prime minister and approved by the Assembly
    elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 28 December 2014 and 11 January 2015 (next to be held in 2019); the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the president and approved by the Assembly
    election results: Kolinda GRABAR-KITAROVIC elected president in second round; percent of vote - Kolinda GRABAR-KITAROVIC (HDZ) 50.7%, Ivo JOSIPOVIC (Forward Croatia Progressive Alliance) 49.3%
    description: unicameral Assembly or Hrvatski Sabor (151 seats; 140 members in 10 multi-seat constituencies and 3 members in a single constituency for Croatian diaspora directly elected by proportional representation vote using the D'Hondt method with a 5% threshold; an additional 8 members elected from a nationwide constituency by simple majority by voters belonging to minorities recognized by Croatia; the Serb minority elects 3 Assembly members, the Hungarian and Italian minorities elect 1 each, the Czech and Slovak minorities elect 1 jointly, and all other minorities elect 2; all members serve 4-year terms
    elections: last held on 11 September 2016 as a snap election following dissolution of the Assembly on 15 July 2016 (next to be held by December 2020)
    election results: percent of vote by party/coalition - NA; number of seats by party/coalition - HDZ coalition 61, People's Coalition 54, Most-NL 13, Only Option 8, minorities 8 (includes SDSS 3), other 7
    note: as of August 2017, seats by party - HDZ 55, SDP 37, MOST-NL 12, HNS 5, HSS 5, GLAS 4, Human Blockade 3, IDS 3, SDSS 3, HDS 2, PH 2, other 7, independent 13
    highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of the court president and vice president, 25 civil department justices, and 16 criminal department justices)
    judge selection and term of office: president of Supreme Court nominated by president of Croatia and elected by Croatian Sabor for a 4-year term; other Supreme Court justices appointed by National Judicial Council; all judges serve until age 70
    subordinate courts: Administrative Court; county, municipal, and specialized courts; note - there is an 11-member Constitutional Court with jurisdiction limited to constitutional issues but is outside Croatia's judicial system
    Bloc of Pensioners Together or BUZ [Milivoj SPIKA]
    Bridge of Independent Lists or Most-NL [Bozo PETROV]
    Civic Liberal Alliance or GLAS [Ankar Mrak TARITAS]
    Croatian Christian Democratic Party or HDS [Goran DODIG]
    Croatian Democratic Congress of Slavonia and Baranja or HDSSB [Branimir GLAVAS]
    Croatian Democratic Union or HDZ [Andrej PLENKOVIC]
    Croatian Laborists - Labor Party or HL [David BREGOVAC]
    Croatian Party of Rights - dr. Ante Starcevic or HSP AS [Hrvoje NICE]
    Croatian Peasant Party or HSS [Kreso BELJAK]
    Croatian Pensioner Party or HSU [Silvano HRELJA]
    Croatian People's Party - Liberal Democrats or HNS [Ivan VRDOLJAK]
    Croatian Social Liberal Party or HSLS [Darinko KOSOR]
    Forward Croatia Progressive Alliance [Ivo JOSIPOVIC]
    Human Blockade ("Living Wall") [Ivan SINCIC]
    Independent Democratic Serb Party or SDSS [Milorad PUPOVAC]
    Istrian Democratic Assembly or IDS [Boris MILETIC]
    Let's Change Croatia or PH [Ivan LOVRINOVIC]
    Milan Bandic 365 - Party of Labor and Solidarity or BM365-SRS [Milan BANDIC]
    Movement for Successful Croatia or HRAST [Ladislav ILCIC]
    People's Party - Reformists Party [Radimir CACIC]
    Smart Party or PAMETNO [Marijana PULJAK]
    Social Democratic Party of Croatia or SDP [Davor BERNARDIC]
    Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EMU, EU, FAO, G-11, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, NAM (observer), NATO, NSG, OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIL, UNMOGIP, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
    chief of mission: Ambassador Pjer SIMUNOVIC (since 8 September 2017)
    chancery: 2343 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
    telephone: [1] (202) 588-5899
    FAX: [1] (202) 588-8936
    consulate(s) general: Chicago, Los Angeles, New York
    chief of mission: Ambassador W. Robert KOHORST (since 12 January 2018)
    embassy: 2 Thomas Jefferson Street, 10010 Zagreb
    mailing address: use embassy street address
    telephone: [385] (1) 661-2200
    FAX: [385] (1) 661-2373
    three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and blue - the Pan-Slav colors - superimposed by the Croatian coat of arms; the coat of arms consists of one main shield (a checkerboard of 13 red and 12 silver (white) fields) surmounted by five smaller shields that form a crown over the main shield; the five small shields represent five historic regions (from left to right): Croatia, Dubrovnik, Dalmatia, Istria, and Slavonia
    note: the Pan-Slav colors were inspired by the 19th-century flag of Russia
    red-white checkerboard; national colors: red, white, blue
    name: "Lijepa nasa domovino" (Our Beautiful Homeland)
    lyrics/music: Antun MIHANOVIC/Josip RUNJANIN
    note: adopted in 1972 while still part of Yugoslavia; "Lijepa nasa domovino," whose lyrics were written in 1835, served as an unofficial anthem beginning in 1891

  • Economy :: CROATIA

  • since joining the EU in 2013, Croatia, one of the wealthiest of the former Yugoslav republics, has committed to improving the business climate in an effort to stimulate growth from domestic consumption and foreign investment
    Though still one of the wealthiest of the former Yugoslav republics, Croatia’s economy suffered badly during the 1991-95 war. The country's output during that time collapsed, and Croatia missed the early waves of investment in Central and Eastern Europe that followed the fall of the Berlin Wall. Between 2000 and 2007, however, Croatia's economic fortunes began to improve with moderate but steady GDP growth between 4% and 6%, led by a rebound in tourism and credit-driven consumer spending. Inflation over the same period remained tame and the currency, the kuna, stable.
    Croatia experienced an abrupt slowdown in the economy in 2008; economic growth was stagnant or negative in each year between 2009 and 2014, but has picked up since the third quarter of 2014, ending 2017 with an average of 2.8% growth. Challenges remain including uneven regional development, a difficult investment climate, an inefficient judiciary, and loss of educated young professionals seeking higher salaries elsewhere in the EU. In 2016, Croatia revised its tax code to stimulate growth from domestic consumption and foreign investment. Income tax reduction began in 2017, and in 2018 various business costs were removed from income tax calculations. At the start of 2018, the government announced its economic reform plan, slated for implementation in 2019.
    Tourism is one of the main pillars of the Croatian economy, comprising 19.6% of Croatia’s GDP. Croatia is working to become a regional energy hub, and is undertaking plans to open a floating liquefied natural gas (LNG) regasification terminal by the end of 2019 or early in 2020 to import LNG for re-distribution in southeast Europe.
    Croatia joined the EU on July 1, 2013, following a decade-long accession process. Croatia has developed a plan for Eurozone accession, and the government projects Croatia will adopt the Euro by 2024. In 2017, the Croatian government decreased public debt to 78% of GDP, from an all-time high of 84% in 2014, and realized a 0.8% budget surplus - the first surplus since independence in 1991. The government has also sought to accelerate privatization of non-strategic assets with mixed success. Croatia’s economic recovery is still somewhat fragile; Croatia’s largest private company narrowly avoided collapse in 2017, thanks to a capital infusion from an American investor. Restructuring is ongoing, and projected to finish by mid-July 2018.
    $101.3 billion (2017 est.)
    $98.23 billion (2016 est.)
    $95.98 billion (2015 est.)
    note: data are in 2017 dollars
    country comparison to the world: 86
    $54.52 billion (2017 est.)
    2.8% (2017 est.)
    3.2% (2016 est.)
    2.3% (2015 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 126
    $24,400 (2017 est.)
    $23,600 (2016 est.)
    $22,800 (2015 est.)
    note: data are in 2017 dollars
    country comparison to the world: 85
    23.1% of GDP (2017 est.)
    22.7% of GDP (2016 est.)
    24.5% of GDP (2015 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 74
    household consumption: 57.6%
    government consumption: 19.7%
    investment in fixed capital: 19.9%
    investment in inventories: 0.7%
    exports of goods and services: 51.3%
    imports of goods and services: -49.2% (2017 est.)
    agriculture: 3.3%
    industry: 34.3%
    services: 62.9% (2017 est.)
    arable crops (wheat, corn, barley, sugar beet, sunflower, rapeseed, alfalfa, clover); vegetables (potatoes, cabbage, onion, tomato, pepper); fruits (apples, plum, mandarins, olives), grapes for wine; livestock (cattle, cows, pigs); dairy products
    chemicals and plastics, machine tools, fabricated metal, electronics, pig iron and rolled steel products, aluminum, paper, wood products, construction materials, textiles, shipbuilding, petroleum and petroleum refining, food and beverages, tourism
    1.4% (2017 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 153
    1.559 million (2017 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 131
    agriculture: 1.9%
    industry: 27.3%
    services: 70.8% (2017 est.)
    12.4% (2017 est.)
    14.8% (2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 164
    19.5% (2015 est.)
    lowest 10%: 2.7%
    highest 10%: 23% (2015 est.)
    30.8 (2015 est.)
    32.1 (2014 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 129
    revenues: $18.39 billion
    expenditures: $18.67 billion (2017 est.)
    33.8% of GDP (2017 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 62
    -0.5% of GDP (2017 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 51
    78.4% of GDP (2017 est.)
    82.7% of GDP (2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 39
    calendar year
    1.1% (2017 est.)
    -1.1% (2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 59
    3% (31 December 2017)
    3.5% (31 December 2016)
    country comparison to the world: 107
    3.91% (31 December 2017 est.)
    4.62% (31 December 2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 162
    $15.86 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
    $11.64 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 72
    $49 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
    $41.98 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 69
    $34.34 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
    $30.27 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 77
    $18.33 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
    $19.98 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
    $22.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 67
    $2.022 billion (2017 est.)
    $1.297 billion (2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 37
    $15.76 billion (2017 est.)
    $13.88 billion (2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 74
    transport equipment, machinery, textiles, chemicals, foodstuffs, fuels
    Italy 13.4%, Germany 12.2%, Slovenia 10.6%, Bosnia and Herzegovina 9.8%, Austria 6.2%, Serbia 4.8% (2017)
    $24.57 billion (2017 est.)
    $22.21 billion (2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 68
    machinery, transport and electrical equipment; chemicals, fuels and lubricants; foodstuffs
    Germany 15.7%, Italy 12.9%, Slovenia 10.7%, Hungary 7.5%, Austria 7.5% (2017)
    $16.06 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
    $14.24 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 66
    $43.95 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
    $46.96 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 70
    $36.76 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
    $35.65 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 64
    $6.972 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
    $6.358 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 68
    kuna (HRK) per US dollar -
    6.62 (2017 est.)
    6.8 (2016 est.)
    6.81 (2015 est.)
    6.86 (2014 est.)
    5.75 (2013 est.)

  • Energy :: CROATIA

  • electrification - total population: 100% (2016)
    12.82 billion kWh (2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 92
    18.65 billion kWh (2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 73
    3.2 billion kWh (2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 43
    8.731 billion kWh (2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 29
    4.881 million kW (2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 79
    42.5% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 164
    0% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 109
    45.2% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 47
    12.3% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 60
    17,060 bbl/day (2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 72
    0 bbl/day (2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 136
    58,190 bbl/day (2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 54
    69.36 million bbl (1 January 2017 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 79
    85,010 bbl/day (2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 70
    63,850 bbl/day (2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 95
    48,130 bbl/day (2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 56
    50,040 bbl/day (2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 82
    1.691 billion cu m (2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 60
    2.611 billion cu m (2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 76
    389.4 million cu m (2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 46
    1.265 billion cu m (2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 56
    16.17 billion cu m (. est.)
    country comparison to the world: 78
    15.69 million Mt (2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 90

  • Communications :: CROATIA

  • total subscriptions: 1,435,977
    subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 33 (July 2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 67
    total: 4,414,347
    subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 103 (July 2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 124
    general assessment: the telecommunications network has improved steadily since the mid-1990s, covering much of what were once inaccessible areas; local lines are digital
    domestic: fixed-line teledensity has dropped somewhat to about 33 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions now even with the population
    international: country code - 385; digital international service is provided through the main switch in Zagreb; Croatia participates in the Trans-Asia-Europe fiber-optic project, which consists of 2 fiber-optic trunk connections with Slovenia and a fiber-optic trunk line from Rijeka to Split and Dubrovnik; the ADRIA-1 submarine cable provides connectivity to Albania and Greece (2016)
    the national state-owned public broadcaster, Croatian Radiotelevision, operates 4 terrestrial TV networks, a satellite channel that rebroadcasts programs for Croatians living abroad, and 6 regional TV centers; 2 private broadcasters operate national terrestrial networks; roughly 25 privately owned regional TV stations; multi-channel cable and satellite TV subscription services are available; state-owned public broadcaster operates 3 national radio networks and 9 regional radio stations; 2 privately owned national radio networks and more than 170 regional, county, city, and community radio stations (2012)
    .hr
    total: 3,135,949
    percent of population: 72.7% (July 2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 96

  • Transportation :: CROATIA

  • number of registered air carriers: 3
    inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 46
    annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 1,782,666
    annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 775,320 mt-km (2015)
    9A (2016)
    69 (2013)
    country comparison to the world: 72
    total: 24
    over 3,047 m: 2
    2,438 to 3,047 m: 6
    1,524 to 2,437 m: 3
    914 to 1,523 m: 3
    under 914 m: 10 (2017)
    total: 45
    1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
    914 to 1,523 m: 6
    under 914 m: 38 (2013)
    1 (2013)
    gas 2,410 km; oil 610 km (2011)
    total: 2,722 km
    standard gauge: 2,722 km 1.435-m gauge (985 km electrified) (2014)
    country comparison to the world: 64
    total: 26,958 km (includes 1,416 km of expressways) (2015)
    country comparison to the world: 98
    785 km (2009)
    country comparison to the world: 73
    total: 288
    by type: bulk carrier 17, general cargo 39, oil tanker 18, other 214 (2017)
    country comparison to the world: 54
    major seaport(s): Ploce, Rijeka, Sibenik, Split
    river port(s): Vukovar (Danube)
    oil terminal(s): Omisalj

  • Military and Security :: CROATIA

  • 1.27% of GDP (2017)
    1.38% of GDP (2016)
    1.55% of GDP (2015)
    1.59% of GDP (2014)
    1.66% of GDP (2013)
    country comparison to the world: 91
    Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia (Oruzane Snage Republike Hrvatske, OSRH) consists of five major commands directly subordinate to a General Staff: Ground Forces (Hrvatska Kopnena Vojska, HKoV), Naval Forces (Hrvatska Ratna Mornarica, HRM, includes coast guard), Air Force and Air Defense Command (Hrvatsko Ratno Zrakoplovstvo I Protuzracna Obrana), Joint Education and Training Command, Logistics Command; Military Police Force supports each of the three Croatian military forces (2017)
    18-27 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription abolished in 2008 (2017)

  • Transnational Issues :: CROATIA

  • dispute remains with Bosnia and Herzegovina over several small sections of the boundary related to maritime access that hinders ratification of the 1999 border agreement; since the breakup of Yugoslavia in the early 1990s, Croatia and Slovenia have each claimed sovereignty over Piranski Bay and four villages, and Slovenia has objected to Croatia's claim of an exclusive economic zone in the Adriatic Sea; in 2009, however Croatia and Slovenia signed a binding international arbitration agreement to define their disputed land and maritime borders, which led to Slovenia lifting its objections to Croatia joining the EU; Slovenia continues to impose a hard border Schengen regime with Croatia, which joined the EU in 2013 but has not yet fulfilled Schengen requirements; Serbia and Croatia have an unresolved border dispute along the Danube river and numerous other unresolved bilateral issues dating back to the conflicts in the 1990s
    stateless persons: 2,873 (2017)
    note: 659,105 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-December 2016); flows have slowed considerably in 2017; Croatia is predominantly a transit country and hosts about 340 asylum seekers as of the end of June 2018
    primarily a transit country along the Balkan route for maritime shipments of South American cocaine bound for Western Europe and other illicit drugs and chemical precursors to and from Western Europe; no significant domestic production of illicit drugs