I read the 1994 edition of the 1991 book, which is based on field work among the Aka of the Bokoka section of Bongandu village in the Central African Republic started in 1973. However, special research on Aka fathers, the topic of the book was conducted over a (short) six-month period in 1984, involving few individuals with few observations as the author admits. The book depends heavily on 54 tables and figures, representing the author's / anthropologist's statistics on who does what how many times. Of the some 220 pages 175 are reserved for regular text and 8 for altogether 17 monochrome pictures.
The scientist visited the human society with the most known infant care by fathers to check on averred universal theories on the father's role in the upbringing of children. (Though a South American society may have escaped the author's attention, of which I do not know the name, unfortunately.) To find out that they are wrong, i.e. NOT universal. Among them are the Western concepts that attachment to fathers universally builds on vigorous play and their punitive role.
Instead he found that the Aka live a different system with near equal contribution to the diet of anatomical females and males, high fertility, lack of warfare and lack violence, especially not against women, a fierce egalitarian ethic and a mobile foraging lifestyle, which does not accumulate material goods. The result of all of these factors contribute to that unusually high infant care by fathers to the benefit of the entire Aka society. On the way the researcher found out, too, that divorce and single parenthood aren't signs of decay of the modern US/Western society, but belong to the human heritage.
This book/edition is not up to date. For example, Neanderhals aren't classified as Homo sapiens neanderthalensis anymore, but as Homo neanderthalensis, i.e. a branch further removed from modern humans. The role of hunting large game in the earlier days of humanity has been reduced considerably in the meantime. And it doesn't occur to the author yet to even find out, wether offering their nipples to demanding infants actually involves male lactation, which has been accepted among Western scientists as (easily) existing these days.
Even though, this is a remarkable work. No matter the accumulating dust, limited research frame, non-native (i.e. Western) perspective and writing style burdened with statistics of people's activities, this is a recommendable book. For it broadens the horizons and contributes to the knowledge of ourselves and alternative styles of child-rearing.
You may also be interested in the booklet
Kindezi: The KoÌngo art of babysitting
and
The Invention of Women: Making an African Sense of Western Gender Discourses
on Westernstyle bias in anthropology of African societies.
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