Common bile duct
| Common bile duct | |
|---|---|
 Diagram of the biliary tree showing the common bile duct | |
| Details | |
| Part of | Bilary tract |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | ductus choledochus |
| Acronym(s) | CBD |
| MeSH | D003135 |
| FMA | 14667 |
| Anatomical terminology | |
9. Gallbladder, 10–11. Right and left lobes of liver. 12. Spleen.
13. Esophagus. 14. Stomach. 15. Pancreas: 16. Accessory pancreatic duct, 17. Pancreatic duct.
18. Small intestine: 19. Duodenum, 20. Jejunum
21–22. Right and left kidneys.
The front border of the liver has been lifted up (brown arrow).[1]
The common bile duct, sometimes abbreviated CBD,[2] is a duct in the gastrointestinal tract of organisms that have a gall bladder. It is formed by the union of the common hepatic duct and the cystic duct (from the gall bladder). It is later joined by the pancreatic duct to form the ampulla of Vater. There, the two ducts are surrounded by the muscular sphincter of Oddi.
When the sphincter of Oddi is closed, newly synthesized bile from the liver is forced into storage in the gall bladder. When open, the stored and concentrated bile exits into the duodenum. This conduction of bile is the main function of the common bile duct. The hormone cholecystokinin, when stimulated by a fatty meal, promotes bile secretion by increased production of hepatic bile, contraction of the gall bladder, and relaxation of the Sphincter of Oddi.
Clinical significance[edit]
Several problems can arise within the common bile duct. A diameter of more than 8 mm is regarded as abnormal dilatation and is a sign of cholestasis.[3]
| Normal | ≤ 8 mm |
| Mild dilatation | 8 – 12 mm |
| Moderate dilatation | 12 – 16 mm |
| Severe dilatation | 16 – 20 mm |
| Extremely severe dilatation | >20 mm |
On abdominal ultrasonography, the common bile duct is generally seen most readily in the perihilar area (the border area between the common hepatic duct and the CBD, by the hilum of the liver). The absence of Doppler signal distinguishes it from the portal vein and hepatic artery.
Borderline of a dilated perihilar bile duct, measuring 8 mm.
Dilatation of CBD due to Ampullary tumor.
If clogged by a gallstone, a condition called choledocholithiasis can result.[5] In this clogged state, the duct is especially vulnerable to an infection called ascending cholangitis. Very rare deformities of the common bile duct are cystic dilations (4 cm), choledochoceles (cystic dilation of the ampula of Vater (3–8 cm)), and biliary atresia.
History[edit]
Blockage of the common bile duct and related jaundice has been documented since at least since the time of Erasistratus.[6]
Additional images[edit]
The gall-bladder and bile ducts laid open.
References[edit]
- ^ Standring S, Borley NR, eds. (2008). Gray's anatomy : the anatomical basis of clinical practice. Brown JL, Moore LA (40th ed.). London: Churchill Livingstone. pp. 1163, 1177, 1185–6. ISBN 978-0-8089-2371-8.
- ^ Agabegi, Steven S.; Agabegi, Elizabeth D. (23 August 2012). Step-Up to Medicine. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 136. ISBN 9781609133603.
- ^ Hoeffel, Christine; Azizi, Louisa; Lewin, Maité; Laurent, Valérie; Aubé, Christophe; Arrivé, Lionel; Tubiana, Jean-Michel (2006). "Normal and Pathologic Features of the Postoperative Biliary Tract at 3D MR Cholangiopancreatography and MR Imaging". RadioGraphics. 26 (6): 1603–1620. doi:10.1148/rg.266055730. ISSN 0271-5333.
- ^ Yunfu Lv, Wan Yee Lau, Haiying Wu, Shunwu Chang, NingLiu, Yejuan Li, Jie Deng (2015). "Etiological Causes of Intrahepatic and Extrahepatic Bile Duct Dilatation" (PDF). International Journal of New Technology and Research (IJNTR). 1 (8).CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
- ^ Humes, H. David (2001). Kelley's Essentials of Internal Medicine. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 229. ISBN 978-0781719377.
- ^ Bateson, edited by Malcolm C. (1986). Gallstone Disease and its Management. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. p. Epidemiology (chapter). ISBN 9400941730.CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
- S.E.Miederer et al.:Endoscopic transpapillary splitting of a choledochocele. Dtsch Med. Wochenschr. 1978 Feb.3:103(5):216,219. PMID 631041
External links[edit]
- Anatomy figure: 38:06-08 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "The gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts."
- Anatomy image:8336 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center
- Anatomy image:7957 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center
- liver at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (biliarysystem)
