Balkan mixed forests

Geographical position of Balkan mixed forests ecoregion

The Balkan mixed forests constitute a terrestrial ecoregion of Europe according to both the WWF and Digital Map of European Ecological Regions by the European Environment Agency. It belongs in the Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests Biome and the Palearctic ecozone.

Distribution[edit]

The Balkan mixed forests cover much of the valleys, plains and mountain slopes of the eastern Balkans on different altitudes (except higher parts of the Rhodope and Balkan Mountains, where they are substituted by the Rodope montane mixed forests), extend from approximately the Drina valley to the coasts of the Black, Marmara and Aegean Seas and occupy 224,400 km² (86,600 sq. mi) mainly in Bulgaria, the Republic of Macedonia, Serbia, Romania, Greece, Kosovo and Turkey. The ecoregion is surrounded by the Euxine-Colchic deciduous forests (in Turkey, Georgia and Bulgaria), Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests (in Greece), Pindus Mountains mixed forests (in Greece, the Republic of Macedonia and Albania), Dinaric Mountains mixed forests (in Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina), Pannonian mixed forests (in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Romania), Carpathian montane conifer forests, Central European mixed forests (both in Romania), as well as the East European forest steppe and Pontic steppe (both situated in Romania and Bulgaria).

The climate of the ecoregion is mostly of Köppen's humid subtropical (Cfa) to humid warm summer continental (Dfb) type, with wet winters. Some areas of relatively high rainfall have been considered a temperate rainforest relict.

Several species of deciduous oaks (most prominently Quercus frainetto Ten., as well as Q. cerris L., Q. pubescens Willd. and others) dominate most of the ecoregion's forests, interspersed higher up mountainsides (above 800–1200 m) mostly with European beech and such conifers as Scots pine, Bosnian pine, Macedonian pine, silver fir and Norway spruce. The highest peaks support alpine tundra vegetation.

Phytogeographically, the ecoregion is shared between parts of the Central European, Illyrian and Euxinian provinces of the Circumboreal Region within the Holarctic Kingdom (according to Armen Takhtajan's delineation).

v t e Palearctic temperate broadleaf and mixed forests
Western Europe	Apennine deciduous montane forests Celtic broadleaf forests English Lowlands beech forests North Atlantic moist mixed forests Po Basin mixed forests Western European broadleaf forests
Eastern Europe	Balkan mixed forests Central European mixed forests Crimean Submediterranean forest complex Dinaric Mountains mixed forests East European forest steppe Rodope montane mixed forests Sarmatic mixed forests
Central Asia	Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests Caucasus mixed forests Central Anatolian deciduous forests Eastern Anatolian deciduous forests Euxine-Colchic deciduous forests Zagros Mountains
East Asia	Daba Mountains evergreen forests Sichuan Basin evergreen broadleaf forests South Sakhalin-Kurile mixed forests Southern Korea evergreen forests Taiheiyo evergreen forests Tarim Basin Ussuri broadleaf and mixed forests West Siberian broadleaf and mixed forests