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Continued... good. Many of these bilateral terms have variants that signal the hierarchical element in any kin or affine relationship. Moreover, by congregating at an ancestor temple, participants confirm their descent ties, which can affect their caste-status as well. Thus, in this convoluted social topology, Mode 1 not only intersects Mode 4, but in some ways bends into and coincides with it; and part of 4 is isomorphic with part of 1. Mode 6: voluntary cooperatives (sekaha). Balinese are remarkably clubby. They form voluntary cooperatives (sekaha) for numerous ends: Balinese form artistic drama groups and orchestras, religious or literary reading clubs (sekaha bebasan), and profit-making local savings and Ioan associations. A Balinese thus associates with others through his sekaha memberships; these are in principle independent of the other modes. Mode 7. administrative units. The seventh mode parcels every Balinese into an administrative system. This system was standardized and rationalized by the Dutch, but it had precolonial precedents in which, for example, the raja of Tabanan tried to have units of five-hundred family-heads under an administrator. Significantly, this system is not congruent with hamlet, village-area, or irrigation-society organization. The national political apparatus and the extensive primary and secondary educational system are all part of this administrative network, but they must also tie in with the other varieties of cateaorization. it is a telling sign of modern Bali that every school is as much a temple association as it is a student body.
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we must point out a very important distinction which the Balinese make between
two clearly separate groups of ancestors. The first of these groups consists
of the dead who are riot yet completely purified. This group is in turn subdivided
in pirata, those riot yet cremated, and pitara, those already cremated. The
former are still completely impure; the latter have been purified, but are still
considered as distinct, individual souls. The second group consists of the completely
purified ancestors who are considered as divine. Everything Bali Indonesia |
