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These seven planes of organisation, reconsidered here as modes of categorization, have been abstracted in different ways. Modes 2, 3, 6, and 7 are exemplary planes, simple components of experience treated in four different frameworks: Hamlets (2) relate men as custom-abiding citizens to some of their nearby associates in distinctive adat practices, especially in the areas of burial, cremation, and civic responsibilities. Irrigation societies (3) relate men as rice growers to the other parties with practical and religious interests in the same water. Voluntary cooperatives (6) relate an individual to any ad hoc group for specific ends, and the bureaucracy (7) relates men to government in workable numbers for the convenience of the state. In Indonesia outside of Bali, Mode 2). Mode 7, and often Mode 3 are generally part of the same institutional apparatus. Especially when compared to neighboring Java, the Balinese case is striking. Every, Balinese is touched by levels 2 and 7, everyone that desires by 6, and every paddy, owner by 3. Status (4) and kinship (5), however, are more complex; they involve diverse criteria for ascribing. rank and categorizing kinsmen and affines. Moreover, as we shall see, the criteria lend themselves to contradictory interpretations. Thus, unlike his banjar adat, subak, desa dinas. or voluntary sekaha, a Balinese might figure his status or even his kinship in ways liable to be disputed by others. Finally, it is unwise to consider temples (1) as a plane in the same stack at all. Rather, temples code associations across various kinds of social categorization; they are a metamode
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Institutions Hamlets Member Draw Encyclopedia Offspring The Raja's Indian Optic Consideration Flexibilities Irrigation Individual Prohibition Commoners Abduction Raden pan kertas Baliology Liberal Borneo Pan Sukarja Hinduization Palace Service Central east Significance Patrilineal Desa Adat Student Metamode Tribal Africa Tihingan Formation |
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we must point out a very important distinction which the Balinese make between
two clearly separate groups of ancestors. The first of these groups consists
of the dead who are riot yet completely purified. This group is in turn subdivided
in pirata, those riot yet cremated, and pitara, those already cremated. The
former are still completely impure; the latter have been purified, but are still
considered as distinct, individual souls. The second group consists of the completely
purified ancestors who are considered as divine. Everything Bali Indonesia |
