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Story of Bali, Indonesia Continued... to Rouffaer in his
introduction to Nieuwenkamp's stunning prachtwerk on the island's creative
life and art: The Encyclopedia does not completely escape outright subjectivity: If the body is more robust, so does the spirit of the Balinese appear more energetic than that of the javanese. It worries over a few standard traits topless women, floral grooming, and, more important, hair - dark black worn long by all men and women, save princes who cut it short, and priests who bind it. Yet its serious account of the island's history and society provides a summary of nineteenth-century findings which affected basic assumptions about Bali throughout the colonial period. The caste system
(kastenstelsel) appears to be the primary institutional framework. There
is little notion that this elitist theory of Balinese society, might vary
with the informant's status. Nor do investigators suspect that caste codes
could merely be more accessible to foreign interrogators, rather than
representative of the whole society. Caste is taken largely as fact rather
than ideology: While as great a proportion of Bralinianas might farm fields as Sudras, only Brahmanas have the right to become pedanda priests: Although there are four statuses, in speaking of 'someone of caste.' one means a person from one of the three first-mentioned categories, the triwangsa or the nobility, (adel). These are the 'twice-horns,' dwijati, in contrast to the once-born (ekajati). the lowfolk In Bali the Brahmana caste falls into two main groups, Siwa and Buda, the former is further split into five subdivisions - Kemenuh, Keniten, Mas, manuba and Petapan. The two major groups show a difference in religious views', the subdividing of the Siwa group is the result of an inferior progeny (minderwaardig nakomelingschap) from the marriages between Brahmana mien and women from a lower caste,
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we must point out a very important distinction which the Balinese make between
two clearly separate groups of ancestors. The first of these groups consists
of the dead who are riot yet completely purified. This group is in turn subdivided
in pirata, those riot yet cremated, and pitara, those already cremated. The
former are still completely impure; the latter have been purified, but are still
considered as distinct, individual souls. The second group consists of the completely
purified ancestors who are considered as divine. Everything Bali Indonesia |
