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Story of Bali, Indonesia Continued... tasks of hamlets. A sense of the delicate, surprisingly egalitarian basis of the system first noted by Liefritick is quickly glimpsed from Grader's later study in Jembrana. We recall how in Bali water flows naturally in deep river gorges that descend from center-volcano-high to peripheral-ocean-low. The slopes of the gorges are terraced and, the higher on the slope the paddy is situated, the further back upstream the water must be diverted from the river and channeled to reach it. But water distribution is constructed in a way so as to preclude antagonism between two directly proximate paddy-owners in the same subak. As Grader explains in discussing the fiscal unit of the subak, 'Just as in the banlar (hamlet), the fiscal unit is the paon (hearth), in the subak it is the pengalapan, the water inlet of a kesit' (1960). Moreover: By pengalapan is meant the water inlet through which one kesit of sawah is irrigated from the conduit. A kesit consists of a series of sawah plots lying one behind the other and belonging to the same person. If behind a kesit there is another belonging to some one else, the latter never receives the excess irrigation water from the kesit lying upstream, as in the case for the sawah of one kesit; instead, a special branch conduit is constructed from the main conduit along the sawah dikes of the upstream kesit to the other kesit. The holders of the sawah plots beside this conduit for whom the water is not intended may not appropriate any water from it without running the risk of being punished by the subak for water theft (Grader 1960).
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Institutions Hamlets Member Draw Encyclopedia Offspring The Raja's Indian Optic Consideration Flexibilities Irrigation Individual Prohibition Commoners Abduction Raden pan kertas Baliology Liberal Borneo Pan Sukarja Hinduization Palace Service Central east Significance Patrilineal Desa Adat Student Metamode Tribal Africa Tihingan Formation |
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we must point out a very important distinction which the Balinese make between
two clearly separate groups of ancestors. The first of these groups consists
of the dead who are riot yet completely purified. This group is in turn subdivided
in pirata, those riot yet cremated, and pitara, those already cremated. The
former are still completely impure; the latter have been purified, but are still
considered as distinct, individual souls. The second group consists of the completely
purified ancestors who are considered as divine. Everything Bali Indonesia |
