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A fascinating legend relates how Airlangga's kingdom was nearly destroyed by a plague supposedly brought by the dreadful witch Rangda, queen of the evil spirits. According to historians, Rangda was Airlangga's own mother whom her husband had sent into the jungle for practicing black magic. Another theory holds that Rangda was seeking revenge against Airlangga, for not, siding with her when his father took a second wife. Out of the mythical struggle between the magic of the witch and that of the great king arose the legend of Calon Arang, depicted today in Bali's barong dance. This legendary witch and king's consort, who died relatively early in life, is thought to be buried in a tomb near Kutri Gianyar Regency. In Balinese myth she is forever associated with witchcraft.

Balinization (13th - 14th Centuries)
For a long time Airlangga was forgotten in. Java, where as in his native Bali he has always been much revered. With the royal compound established near Batuan, the court language became the common language of Bali, Old Balinese and not Javanized Old Kawi. Another feature of these early times was the practice on Bali of both Hinduism and Buddhism (with a strong Tantric element) side by side. Village communities started to take part in masked dances, dramas, and puppet performances staged by the royal courts. Tantric magical beliefs and rites also began to surface in Balinese culture at this time. building upon and infusing the native animism This period was the origin of the contemporary Balinese preoccupation with leyak (witches) and Such

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in Bali we must point out a very important distinction which the Balinese make between two clearly separate groups of ancestors. The first of these groups consists of the dead who are riot yet completely purified. This group is in turn subdivided in pirata, those riot yet cremated, and pitara, those already cremated. The former are still completely impure; the latter have been purified, but are still considered as distinct, individual souls. The second group consists of the completely purified ancestors who are considered as divine.
No contact is sought with the pirata, the dead who have not yet been cremated. Oil the contrary they are dangerous, Offerings must however be made for the redemption of their souls.

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