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(personal
names) (cf. Boon and Schneider 1974). The difficulty perhaps characterizes
not just Balinese teknonymy but the very concept of teknonymy when defined
as a parent named for his child. Analytic confusion results because the
name of the child can last as the child's name only until the child becomes
a parent, since lie will in turn be named for his child. Teknonyms can never
be the simple logical inverse of necronyms or autonyms, or for that matter,
of patronyms or matronyms, since these all name persons once and for all,
whereas teknonyms necessitate a name change during the full life-cycle.
This mandatory future shift in name is tile crux of the symbolic power of
so-called teknonyms; it is especially apparent in Bali where 'father of'
in turn shifts to 'grandfather of'.
In Bali Pan Madeg does riot necessarily connect a parent with his individual child, since tile father can receive this name even if Madeg is stillborn or dies soon after birth. Moreover, only the first-born child has a personal name identical with his parent's generational name. It would be as accurate to say that the first child is named after his parents' new-found parenthood. That such Balinese terms do not connect the adult with an individual child is clear from certain high-caste options: Teknonymy occurs systematically among most casteless people and in a modified form, among high castes, where the appropriate caste term for 'father' or 'mother' is substituted for the personal name without, however, including the name of the child, as is done among casteless people (Bateson and Mead 1942). |
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we must point out a very important distinction which the Balinese make between
two clearly separate groups of ancestors. The first of these groups consists
of the dead who are riot yet completely purified. This group is in turn subdivided
in pirata, those riot yet cremated, and pitara, those already cremated. The
former are still completely impure; the latter have been purified, but are still
considered as distinct, individual souls. The second group consists of the completely
purified ancestors who are considered as divine. Everything Bali Indonesia |
