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Continued...

intensity Balinese status concerns. But if they did this equally always and every where, cockfights it could be argued, would be superfluous, unremoved from reality and thus useless as significant commentary on experience. If social life matched perfectly its depiction in rites, there would be little sense in ritual refresher courses. This is the major problem with a functionalist theory of ritual and myth as
social charter. Functionalists tried to surmount the nineteenth-century difficulty in combining local color with adequate generalization by meshing too closely the gears of social organization and cultural expression. Any cultural performances - rites, games, dramas - must be distorted from their presumed actual reference if they are to have any impact, if they are to say somthing. And it is precisely when the Cock-fight is bigger than life that this ritual verges on art; this is the point of Geertz's study of 'meta ' social commentary'. Finally, cockfights can be at least secondarily vitalized in Bah by the awareness that what is everyone's outspoken passion in one village is the deviant's marginal obsession in a psychologically dis-
tant town. The same form that becomes life and death drama in Geertz's account
serves as tragicomedy in Tabanan, 1972.

The rich sociological dimensions of ritual and art escaped Van Eck and his contemporaries because they restricted their sketches to averageable aspects of local color. By divesting cultural events of their particularities, early observers obscured a critical feature of the rites and customs they were among the first to admire: the capacity to persist over highly variable social contexts, yet to be fine-tuned to harmonize with them. Nevertheless, our romantic masters of the ethnographic sketch developed empathy not only for hacking chickens, but for magical curing practices, demonic dances, and many of the daily routines of Bali. Their achievement is all the more notable, since it was not always in the professional interests of these missionaries and civil servants to empathize at all.


 

 




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in Bali we must point out a very important distinction which the Balinese make between two clearly separate groups of ancestors. The first of these groups consists of the dead who are riot yet completely purified. This group is in turn subdivided in pirata, those riot yet cremated, and pitara, those already cremated. The former are still completely impure; the latter have been purified, but are still considered as distinct, individual souls. The second group consists of the completely purified ancestors who are considered as divine.
No contact is sought with the pirata, the dead who have not yet been cremated. Oil the contrary they are dangerous, Offerings must however be made for the redemption of their souls.

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