Thesis FGMG

The islands western far region, known as Pulaki, is an unspoiled, under populated marine and forest wilderness. Legend has it that Bali's original people had their origins here in a lost, invisible city. In the east is the towering peak of Bali's highest mountain. Gunung Agung. Under this mountain is the once rich regency of Karangasem, which suffered grievously when the volcano erupted in 1963, destroying villages and covering , fertile rice fields with river of lava The hard work of restoring this lands to its former usefulness is complete, though the remains of the devastation are still to be seen in cracked buildings and fields strewn with volcanic debris.

Spatial Orientation
Among the chain of volcanic mountains traversing the island from west to east is G. Agung (elevation 3,014 meters), in the northeast corner, the island highest, followed by G. Batukau (2,278 meters), Abang (2,152 meters), and Batur (1,717 meters). Since these lofty mountain play such a role in the lives of the Balinese, it is no wonder that they are accorded awesome respect and veneration. On top of the peaks dwell the divine spirits who bring prosperity and good fortune to the people; their lakes and rivers are the source of the land's fertility, and their eruptions-though sometimes destructive--have enriched the soil immeasurably. The direction toward the mountains is always considered "north, or kaja, even for the people who actually live north of the mountains.

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in Bali we must point out a very important distinction which the Balinese make between two clearly separate groups of ancestors. The first of these groups consists of the dead who are riot yet completely purified. This group is in turn subdivided in pirata, those riot yet cremated, and pitara, those already cremated. The former are still completely impure; the latter have been purified, but are still considered as distinct, individual souls. The second group consists of the completely purified ancestors who are considered as divine.
No contact is sought with the pirata, the dead who have not yet been cremated. Oil the contrary they are dangerous, Offerings must however be made for the redemption of their souls.

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