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Bali is home to 32 species of mammals, which include a wildcat, two species of civets, two species of monkey, and deer, buffalo, a miniature squirrel, and a mongoose. In the early 1900s, one writer told of his camp in west Bali being trampled by a herd of feral elephants, but by to 1920s it was difficult to meet anyone who had ever seen an elephant an the island. By that time the Balinese tiger, the smallest of eight subspecies of tiger, was very rarely sighted. The last known specimen was shot in 1937.

The Wallace Line
A great contrast exist between the animal life of Bali and that of the islands to the east. The great English naturalist Sir Alfred Russel Wallace (1823-1913) suggested that the treacherous, 24-km-wide strait which separates Bali from its neighboring island of Lombok is an important landmark, the impassable dividing line between Asia and Australia in geologic times. During the last ice age, Wallace theorized, the sea level around the Greater Sundas had fallen enough to enabie animals to travel overland from the Asian mainland, fanning out through the archipelago until they reached the deep trench of the Lombok Strait and could go no further.
Wallace's book, The Malay Archipelago, published in 1869 and contemporary and parallel with Darwin's work, advanced a theory of evolution based on his researches into the flora and fauna of the region. This imaginary line which divides, the Oriental and Australian regions on either side of the Lombok Strait has since become known as the Wallace Line. Wallace remarked "...in just two hour you can pass from one great division of the earth to the other, differing as essentially in their animal life as Europe does from America." The differences between Bali and Nusatenggara are obvious: Bali is lush, equatorial, smothered in the luxuriant vegetation of tropical Asia. Lombok is more wind-blown and dry like the
Australian plains. Bali, Java, and the islands west of the Wallace Line we characterized by the monkeys, squirrels, rabbits. tigers, elephants, bears, sheep, oxen, horse. orangutans, and pythons which range the dense tropical forests and jungles of Asia On the island east of Bali begin the parrots and other peculiar bird species, marsupials like wombats and kangaroos, the platypus, eucalyptus, and giant lizards.

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in Bali we must point out a very important distinction which the Balinese make between two clearly separate groups of ancestors. The first of these groups consists of the dead who are riot yet completely purified. This group is in turn subdivided in pirata, those riot yet cremated, and pitara, those already cremated. The former are still completely impure; the latter have been purified, but are still considered as distinct, individual souls. The second group consists of the completely purified ancestors who are considered as divine.
No contact is sought with the pirata, the dead who have not yet been cremated. Oil the contrary they are dangerous, Offerings must however be made for the redemption of their souls.

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