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will witness the actual public marriage ceremony (similar to the ceremony performed after a capture) which foreshadows the strength of the alliance.
Perpetuated alliances traditionally arose front an initial capture marriage, often more real than mock. For example, the successful capture of a commoner by a lord could initiate a permanent wife-providing (wargi) role for her groups A variation in marriage alliances is the egalitarian or brotherly bond (beraya) in which a land dowry affirms the equal status of the bride. A prestigious ancestor-group receives women from lower groups as same-status wives (padmi), who are nearer the rank of endogarnous wives than ordinary subordinate outsider wives (penawing). Here women flow only one way, but as near equals designated by a special honorific; yet the provider receiver formula remains a covert hypergamy. To sidestep hypergamous
implications, providers assert that they are giving their women, rather titan having them taken, and forbid the ceremony of marriage merely to tile husband's sword (kris). Yet the receivers might stress the hypergamous aspect to a third alliance-partner. Such two-faced social postures facilitate shifts in the prestige hierarchy that have occurred throughout Tabanan and neighboring districts since 1965.
Groups begin to claim higher status, signaled by new dowry-backed affiliations with superior ancestor groups, and they cancel egalitarian alliance bonds with their old beraya, now deemed inferior.
The strongest indication of egalitarian relations is a counter flow of women, which cancels marriage as a status code.

 

 


 

 


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in Bali we must point out a very important distinction which the Balinese make between two clearly separate groups of ancestors. The first of these groups consists of the dead who are riot yet completely purified. This group is in turn subdivided in pirata, those riot yet cremated, and pitara, those already cremated. The former are still completely impure; the latter have been purified, but are still considered as distinct, individual souls. The second group consists of the completely purified ancestors who are considered as divine.
No contact is sought with the pirata, the dead who have not yet been cremated. Oil the contrary they are dangerous, Offerings must however be made for the redemption of their souls.

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