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The critical point for modern ethnological theory of descent groups is the fundamentally optional quality of such incorporation in Bali. this is what distinguishes it vividly from African segmentary systems,We have called the process of dadia formation in Bali 'differentiation,' a concept standing in contrast to 'segmentation. Just as segmentation refers both to the nature of the overall structure of the African system as well as to the process of internal subdivision of its units, so also differentiation can be seen at work not only in the relationship between dadia and community, but also in the emergency within the dadia of what we have termed sub-dadias sub-dadia is not in complementary opposition to any other subdivision of the dadia. It is merely a nucleus of dadia members which is more tightly organized than the others, and which may have more power or ritual responsibilities than they. The sub-dadia exists as figure against the munity.

The characteristics listed by Middleton and Tait for African systems - nesting, constant segmentation, complementary opposition - do not fully describe the structure of a segmentary lineage system. Its foundation is a specific type of cultural model, one based mainly on an image of a series of parallel genealogical pyramids. It is this image - of a father, a set of sons, and a series of sets of grandsons - which



 

 


 

 




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in Bali we must point out a very important distinction which the Balinese make between two clearly separate groups of ancestors. The first of these groups consists of the dead who are riot yet completely purified. This group is in turn subdivided in pirata, those riot yet cremated, and pitara, those already cremated. The former are still completely impure; the latter have been purified, but are still considered as distinct, individual souls. The second group consists of the completely purified ancestors who are considered as divine.
No contact is sought with the pirata, the dead who have not yet been cremated. Oil the contrary they are dangerous, Offerings must however be made for the redemption of their souls.

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