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both heighten our sense of the richness and moment of particular ethnographic problems over time, and help us refine current frameworks, even if we are not perfectly persuaded that the culture itself is about to be grasped once and for all.

A typical anthropological account would start with the sort of ethnographic capsule we have reserved for a subsequent chapter and would hardly bother about its historical sources. Ethnographic results are casually attributed to fieldwork, a sort of veni, vidi, comprehendi. Yet, by now we have seen that the broad sweep of Balinese ethnography and ethnology contains much that is commendable. There was an early strain of disinterested curiosity about the island, and Bali's commercial shortcomings perhaps facilitated something approaching pure research.

Nevertheless, in perusing this literature we must beware of three particularly seductive fallacies that occasionally crop up. For example, in 1700 Bali was characterized with a philosophical concept of promiscuous anarchy:
The Balinese know nothing of Marrying amongst em, But as it is among Brutes, Men and Women are in common to each other, which makes the Country very Populous (Frick and Schweitzer 1700).

The fallacy here is to imagine Bali as subsystematic, inadequately integrated. Although this prejudice was supported in 1700 with an accurate empirical point about population density, it was never very convincing. Too many features of Bali implied order. Another mainstay in the repertoire of ethnological attitudes was recently couched in a not altogether bad pun:






 

 


 

 




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in Bali we must point out a very important distinction which the Balinese make between two clearly separate groups of ancestors. The first of these groups consists of the dead who are riot yet completely purified. This group is in turn subdivided in pirata, those riot yet cremated, and pitara, those already cremated. The former are still completely impure; the latter have been purified, but are still considered as distinct, individual souls. The second group consists of the completely purified ancestors who are considered as divine.
No contact is sought with the pirata, the dead who have not yet been cremated. Oil the contrary they are dangerous, Offerings must however be made for the redemption of their souls.

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