|
Table E1: Percentage of children
living in countries which air quality standards were exceeded
| 1990-1995 |
| |
1990 |
1991 |
1992 |
1993 |
1994 |
1995 |
| Ozone one-hour standard |
22.7% |
25.2% |
16.9% |
21.1% |
19.3% |
27.8% |
| PM-10 |
8.0% |
6.3% |
9.6% |
2.6% |
2.3% |
10.0% |
| Carbon monoxide |
9.4% |
8.4% |
6.1% |
5.0% |
6.4% |
4.9% |
| Lead |
2.2% |
6.0% |
1.8% |
2.1% |
1.7% |
1.8% |
| Sulfur dioxide |
0.5% |
2.1% |
0.1% |
0.5% |
0.1% |
0.1% |
| Nitrogen dioxide |
3.7% |
3.7% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
| Any standard* |
28.0% |
31.8% |
20.9% |
24.2% |
23.5% |
30.8% |
| 1996-2001
|
| |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
| Ozone one-hour standard |
16.5% |
18.6% |
20.8% |
21.7% |
13.3% |
15.0% |
| Ozone eight-hour standard |
39.1% |
38.9% |
48.5% |
46.9% |
27.9% |
39.8% |
| PM-10 |
1.5% |
2.4% |
2.0% |
2.1% |
2.4% |
3.2% |
| PM-2.5 |
|
|
|
|
27.2% |
25.4% |
| Carbon monoxide |
5.6% |
3.7% |
4.3% |
3.7% |
3.8% |
0.2% |
| Lead |
1.6% |
1.4% |
1.6% |
0.2% |
0.5% |
1.0% |
| Sulfur dioxide |
0.1% |
0.1% |
0.1% |
0.1% |
0.1% |
0.0% |
| Nitrogen dioxide |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
| Any standard* |
19.8% |
21.9% |
23.7% |
24.0% |
15.5% |
18.5% |
*Does not include ozone eight-hour or PM-2.5 standards.
SOURCE: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and
Radiation, Aerometric Information Retrieval System
Addendum 1 to Table
E1: Percentage of children living in counties in which air quality
standards were exceeded, by race/ethnicity, 1999
| All Races/Ethnicities |
White
non-Hispanic |
Black
non-Hispanic |
Hispanic |
American
Indian/Alaska Native |
Asian
or Pacific Islander |
15.5% |
10.6% |
16.2% |
31.4% |
7.6% |
24.5% |
SOURCE: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Air and Radiation, Aerometric Information Retrieval System
Addendum 2 to Table E1:
Percentage of children living in counties in which air quality standards
were exceeded, by family income, 1999
| |
All Incomes |
< Poverty
Level |
100-200%
of Poverty Level |
> 200%
of Poverty Level |
| Carbon monoxide |
3.7% |
4.5% |
4.3% |
3.2% |
| Sulfur dioxide |
0.1% |
0.1% |
0.1% |
0.1% |
| Nitrogen dioxide |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
| Ozone |
21.7% |
20.9% |
19.4% |
22.7% |
| Lead |
0.2% |
0.1% |
0.2% |
0.2% |
| PM-10 |
2.1% |
2.1% |
2.2% |
2.0% |
SOURCE: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Air and Radiation, Aerometric Information Retrieval System
Table E2: Percentage of children’s
days with good, moderate, or unhealthy air quality
| 1990-1995 |
| Pollution Level |
1990 |
1991 |
1992 |
1993 |
1994 |
1995 |
| Good |
43.6% |
44.2% |
47.7% |
46.9% |
45.7% |
47.2% |
| Moderate |
20.6% |
21.0% |
18.4%
|
19.2% |
20.5% |
19.7% |
| Unhealthy |
3.0% |
3.0% |
2.7% |
2.3% |
2.3% |
2.2% |
| No Monitoring Data |
32.8% |
31.8% |
31.2% |
31.6% |
31.5% |
30.8% |
| 1996-1999 |
| Pollution Level |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
|
|
| Good |
48.9% |
48.8% |
47.1% |
46.6% |
|
|
| Moderate |
19.1% |
19.0% |
20.7% |
21.9% |
|
|
| Unhealthy |
1.7% |
1.3% |
1.3% |
0.9% |
|
|
| No Monitoring Data |
30.3% |
30.9% |
30.9% |
30.7% |
|
|
SOURCE: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Air and Radiation, Aerometric Information Retrieval System
Addendum 1 to Table
E2: Percentage of children’s days with good, moderate, or
unhealthy air quality, by race/ethnicity, 1999
Pollution Level |
White non-Hispanic |
Black non-Hispanic |
Hispanic |
American
Indian/Alaska Native |
Asian or Pacific Islander |
| Good |
44.4% |
33.4% |
51.0% |
60.0% |
48.9% |
| Moderate |
18.7% |
14.6% |
22.6% |
27.4% |
33.2% |
| Unhealthy |
0.6% |
0.4% |
0.9% |
1.3% |
1.9% |
| No Monitoring Data |
36.4% |
51.6% |
25.6% |
11.3% |
16.0% |
SOURCE: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Air and Radiation, Aerometric Information Retrieval System
Addendum 2 to Table E2:
Percentage of children’s days with good, moderate, or unhealthy
air quality, by family income, 1999
| Pollution Level |
All Incomes* |
< Poverty Level |
100-200% of Poverty Level |
> 200% of Poverty Level |
| Good |
46.9% |
44.9% |
42.5% |
49.0% |
| Moderate |
22.0% |
22.3% |
21.4% |
22.1% |
| Unhealthy |
0.9% |
0.9% |
0.9% |
0.8% |
| No Monitoring Data |
30.2% |
31.9% |
35.2% |
28.0% |
*Values for All Incomes in this table differ from 1999 values in
Table E2 due to rounding.
SOURCE: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and
Radiation, Aerometric Information Retrieval System
Table E3a: Long-term trends
in annual average concentrations of criteria pollutants
| 1990-1993 |
| |
1990 |
1991 |
1992 |
1993 |
| PM-10, percent of annual standard |
63.7% |
63.8% |
56.8% |
55.8% |
| 1994-1997
|
| |
1994 |
1995 |
1996 |
1997 |
| PM-10, percent of annual standard |
56.3% |
54.0% |
52.4% |
52.6% |
| Nitrogen dioxide, percent of annual standard |
|
|
37.3% |
34.9% |
| Sulfur dioxide, percent of annual standard |
|
|
6.5% |
5.6% |
| 1998-2000
|
| |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
|
| PM-10, percent of annual standard |
51.2% |
53.9% |
53.3% |
|
| Nitrogen dioxide, percent of annual standard |
35.3% |
33.9% |
|
|
| Sulfur dioxide, percent of annual standard |
5.4% |
5.2% |
|
|
SOURCE: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and
Radiation, Aerometric Information Retrieval System
Table E3b: Number of children living
in counties with high annual averages of PM-10
| 1990-1995 |
| |
1990 |
1991 |
1992 |
1993 |
1994 |
1995 |
| Exceeding 80% of the long-term standard |
5,978,059 |
6,347,396 |
4,671,899 |
4,350,278 |
1,432,268 |
3,019,285 |
| Exceeding the long-term standard |
1,844,770 |
3,424,292 |
169,004 |
536,520 |
435,493 |
131,590 |
| 1996-2000
|
| |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
|
| Exceeding 80% of the long-term standard |
2,464,947 |
2,074,549 |
165,431 |
2,029,422 |
1,830,579 |
|
| Exceeding the long-term standard |
60,243 |
788,945 |
0 |
1,017,791 |
874,734 |
|
SOURCE: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and
Radiation, Aerometric Information Retrieval System
Table E4: Percentage of children
living in counties where estimated hazardous air pollutant concentrations
were greater than health benchmarks in 1996
| Health Benchmark |
|
| Cancer, one in 100,000 |
100% |
| Cancer, one in 10,000 |
18% |
| Other health effects |
95% |
SOURCE: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Air Toxics
Assessment
Addendum 1 to Table E4: Percentage
of children living in counties where hazardous air pollutant concentrations
were greater than health benchmarks in 1996, by family income
| Health Benchmark |
All Incomes |
< Poverty Level |
100-200% of Poverty Level |
> 200% of Poverty Level |
| Cancer, one in 100,000 |
100% |
100% |
100% |
100% |
| Cancer, one in 10,000 |
18% |
22% |
17% |
17% |
| Other health effects |
95% |
94% |
93% |
96% |
SOURCE: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Air Toxics
Assessment
Addendum 2 to Table E4:
Percentage of children living in counties where hazardous air pollutant
concentrations were greater than health benchmarks in 1996, by race/ethnicity
| Health Benchmark |
All Races/Ethnicities |
White non-Hispanic |
Black non-Hispanic |
American Indian/Alaska Native |
Asian or Pacific Islander |
Hispanic |
| Cancer, one in 100,000 |
100% |
100% |
100% |
100% |
100% |
100% |
| Cancer, one in 10,000 |
18% |
12% |
28% |
8% |
34% |
31% |
| Other health effects |
95% |
94% |
99% |
87% |
99% |
95% |
SOURCE: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Air Toxics
Assessment
Table E5: Percentage of homes
with children under 7 where someone smokes regularly
| 1994 |
1996 |
1999 |
28.7% |
27.6% |
19.0% |
SOURCE: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and
Radiation, Indoor Environments Division, Surveys on Radon Awareness
and Environmental Tobacco Issues
Table E6: Percentage of children
living in areas served by public water systems that exceeded a drinking
water standard or violated treatment requirements
| 1993-1997 |
| Type of standard violated |
1993 |
1994 |
1995 |
1996 |
1997 |
| Lead and copper* |
2.2% |
0.9% |
1.4% |
1.6% |
1.7% |
| Microbial contaminants |
8.3% |
7.5% |
4.1% |
4.3% |
3.6% |
| Chemical and radiation |
4.7% |
4.7% |
2.2% |
1.8% |
2.4% |
| Nitrate/nitrite |
0.23% |
0.12% |
0.25% |
0.20% |
0.37% |
| Treatment and filtration |
10.7% |
8.1% |
4.5% |
3.7% |
3.6% |
| Any health-based violations |
20.2% |
15.5% |
12.0% |
10.7% |
10.7% |
| 1998-1999 |
| Type of standard violated |
1998 |
1999 |
|
|
|
| Lead and copper* |
1.6% |
1.5% |
|
|
|
| Microbial contaminants |
2.8% |
2.5% |
|
|
|
| Chemical and radiation |
1.2% |
1.0% |
|
|
|
| Nitrate/nitrite |
0.17% |
0.21% |
|
|
|
| Treatment and filtration |
3.4% |
3.0% |
|
|
|
| Any health-based violations |
8.6% |
8.0% |
|
|
|
* Lead and copper represents the lead and copper rule, which is
a set of standards and implementation measures.
SOURCE: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Safe
Drinking Water Information System
Table E7: Percentage of children
living in areas with major violations of drinking water monitoring
and reporting requirements
| 1993-1997 |
| Type of standard violated |
1993 |
1994 |
1995 |
1996 |
1997 |
| Lead and copper |
11.3% |
6.7% |
5.3% |
5.2% |
5.8% |
| Microbial contaminants |
2.2% |
2.6% |
2.1% |
1.6% |
2.0% |
| Chemical and radiation |
8.1% |
5.8% |
5.5% |
4.8% |
3.5% |
| Treatment and filtration |
1.6% |
0.6% |
0.4% |
0.5% |
0.3% |
| Any major violation |
21.6% |
14.2% |
11.7% |
10.9% |
10.9% |
| 1998-1999 |
| Type of standard violated |
1998 |
1999 |
|
|
|
| Lead and copper |
5.5% |
5.4% |
|
|
|
| Microbial contaminants |
1.9% |
1.4% |
|
|
|
| Chemical and radiation |
3.8% |
2.8% |
|
|
|
| Treatment and filtration |
0.5% |
1.0% |
|
|
|
| Any major violation |
10.6% |
9.9% |
|
|
|
SOURCE: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water,
Safe Drinking Water Information System
Table E8: Percentage of fruits, vegetables,
and grains with detectable residues of organophosphate pesticides
1994 |
1995 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
20.8% |
24.4% |
29.4% |
28.8% |
22.1% |
24.4% |
23.2% |
19.1% |
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Pesticide Data Program
Table E9: Percentage of children
residing within one mile of a Superfund site
| |
1990 |
1992 |
1994 |
1996 |
1998 |
2000 |
| All Superfund sites |
1.2% |
1.2% |
1.3% |
1.3% |
1.3% |
1.3% |
| All Superfund sites not yet cleaned up or controlled |
1.2% |
1.1% |
1.1% |
1.0% |
1.0% |
0.8% |
SOURCE: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Superfund NPL Assessment
Program (SNAP) Database
Part 2: Body Burdens Data Tables |
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