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UNESCO Italy Heritage List
Church and Dominican Convent of
Santa Maria delle Grazie with "The Last Supper" by Leonardo
da Vinci
The refectory of the Convent
of Santa Maria delle Grazie forms an integral part of this architectural
complex, begun in Milan in 1463 and reworked at the end of the 15th
century by Bramante. On the north wall is The Last Supper, the unrivalled
masterpiece painted between 1495 and 1497 by Leonardo da Vinci,
whose work was to herald a new era in the history of art.
Historic Centre of Florence
Built on the site of an Etruscan
settlement, Florence, the symbol of the Renaissance, rose to economic
and cultural pre-eminence under the Medici in the 15th and 16th
centuries.
Its 600 years of extraordinary artistic activity can be seen above
all in the 13th-century cathedral (Santa Maria del Fiore), the Church
of Santa Croce, the Uffizi and the Pitti Palace, the work of great
masters such as Giotto, Brunelleschi, Botticelli and Michelangelo.
Venice and its Lagoon
Founded in the 5th century and
spread over 118 small islands, Venice became a major maritime power
in the 10th century. The whole city is an extraordinary architectural
masterpiece in which even the smallest building contains works by
some of the world's greatest artists such as Giorgione, Titian,
Tintoretto, Veronese and others
http://www.veniceinperil.org/
The British Committee for the Preservation of Venice
Piazza del Duomo, Pisa
Standing in a large green expanse,
Piazza del Duomo houses a group of monuments known the world over.
These four masterpieces of medieval architecture - the cathedral,
the baptistry, the campanile (the 'Leaning Tower') and the cemetery
- had a great influence on monumental art in Italy from the 11th
to the 14th century.
http://ww2.webcomp.com/virtuale/us/home.htm
Historic Centre of San Gimignano"
San Gimignano delle belle Torri"
is situated in Tuscany, 56 km south of Florence. It served as an
important relay point for pilgrims on the Via Francigena to and
from Rome. The patrician families, who controlled the city, built
some 72 tower-houses (up to 50m high) as symbols of their wealth
and power. Only 14 have survived but San Gimignano has retained
its feudal atmosphere and appearance.
The city also contains masterpieces of 14th and 15th-century Italian
art.
I Sassi di Matera
This is the most outstanding,
intact example of a troglodyte settlement in the Mediterranean region,
perfectly adapted to its terrain and ecosystem. The first inhabited
zone dates from the Palaeolithic, while later settlements illustrate
a number of significant stages in human history. Matera is in the
southern region of Basilicata.
http://www.sassi.info/index_en.htm Comune di Matera
The City of Vicenza and the Palladian
Villas of the Veneto
Founded in the 2nd century B.C.
in northern Italy, Vicenza prospered under Venetian rule from the
early 15th to the end of the 18th century. The work of Andrea Palladio
(1508–80), based on a detailed study of classical Roman architecture,
gives the city its unique appearance. Palladio's urban buildings,
as well as his villas, scattered throughout the Veneto region, had
a decisive influence on the development of architecture. His work
inspired a distinct architectural style known as Palladian, which
spread to England and other European countries, and also to North
America.
http://www.boglewood.com/palladio/
Historic Centre of Siena
Siena is the embodiment of a
medieval city. Its inhabitants pursued their rivalry with Florence
right into the area of urban planning. Throughout the centuries,
they preserved their city's Gothic appearance, acquired between
the 12th and 15th centuries. During this period the work of Duccio,
the Lorenzetti brothers and Simone Martini was to influence the
course of Italian and, more broadly, European art.
The whole city of Siena, built around the Piazza del Campo, was
devised as a work of art that blends into the surrounding landscape.
Historic Centre of Naples
From the Neapolis founded by
Greek settlers in 470 B.C. to the city of today, Naples has retained
the imprint of the successive cultures that emerged in Europe and
the Mediterranean basin. This makes it a unique site, with a wealth
of outstanding monuments such as the Church of Santa Chiara and
the Castel Nuovo.
http://ww2.webcomp.com/virtuale/us/napoli/movie.htm
Ferrara, City of the Renaissance
and its Po Delta
Ferrara, which grew up around
a ford over the River Po, became an intellectual and artistic centre
that attracted the greatest minds of the Italian Renaissance in
the 15th and 16th centuries. Here, Piero della Francesca, Jacopo
Bellini and Andrea Mantegna decorated the palaces of the House of
Este.
The humanist concept of the 'ideal city' came to life here in the
neighbourhoods built from 1492 onwards by Biagio Rossetti according
to the new principles of perspective. The completion of this project
marked the birth of modern town planning and influenced its subsequent
development.
Castel del Monte
When the Emperor Frederick II
built this castle near Bari in the 13th century, he imbued it with
symbolic significance, as reflected in the location, the mathematical
and astronomical precision of the layout and the perfectly regular
shape. A unique piece of medieval military architecture, Castel
del Monte is a successful blend of elements from classical antiquity,
the Islamic Orient and north European Cistercian Gothic.
The Trulli of Alberobello
The trulli, limestone dwellings
found in the southern region of Puglia, are remarkable examples
of drywall (mortarless) construction, a prehistoric building technique
still in use in this region. The trulli are made of roughly worked
limestone boulders collected from neighbouring fields. Characteristically,
they feature pyramidal, domed or conical roofs built up of corbelled
limestone slabs.
Early Christian Monuments and Mosaics
of Ravenna
Ravenna was the seat of the Roman
Empire in the 5th century and then of Byzantine Italy until the
8th century. It has a unique collection of early Christian mosaics
and monuments. All eight buildings - the Mausoleum of Galla Placidia,
the Neonian Baptistery, the Basilica of Sant'Apollinare Nuovo, the
Arian Baptistery, the Archiepiscopal Chapel, the Mausoleum of Theodoric,
the Church of San Vitale and the Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in
Classe - were constructed in the 5th and 6th centuries. They show
great artistic skill, including a wonderful blend of Graeco-Roman
tradition, Christian iconography and oriental and Western styles.
The Historic Centre of the City
of Pienza
It was in this Tuscan town that
Renaissance town-planning concepts were first put into practice
after Pope Pius II decided, in 1459, to transform the look of his
birthplace. He chose the architect Bernardo Rossellino, who applied
the principles of his mentor, Leon Battista Alberti. This new vision
of urban space was realized in the superb square known as Piazza
Pio II and the buildings around it: the Piccolomini Palace, the
Borgia Palace and the cathedral with its pure Renaissance exterior
and an interior in the late Gothic style of south German churches.
The 18th-Century Royal Palace at
Caserta with the Park, the Aqueduct of Vanvitelli, and the San Leucio
Complex
The monumental complex at Caserta,
created by the Bourbon king Charles III in the mid-18th century
to rival Versailles and the Royal Palace in Madrid, is exceptional
for the way in which it brings together a magnificent palace with
its park and gardens, as well as natural woodland, hunting lodges
and a silk factory. It is an eloquent expression of the Enlightenment
in material form, integrated into, rather than imposed on, its natural
setting.
Portovenere, Cinque Terre, and the
Islands (Palmaria, Tino and Tinetto)
The Ligurian coast between Cinque
Terre and Portovenere is a cultural landscape of great scenic and
cultural value. The layout and disposition of the small towns and
the shaping of the surrounding landscape, overcoming the disadvantages
of a steep, uneven terrain, encapsulate the continuous history of
human settlement in this region over the past millennium.
The Archaeological Areas of Pompei,
Ercolano, and Torre Annunziata
When Vesuvius erupted on 24 August
79 AD it engulfed the two flourishing Roman towns of Pompeii and
Herculaneum, as well as the many rich villas in the area. Since
the mid 18th century these have been progressively uncovered and
made accessible to the public.
The vast expanse of the commercial town of Pompeii contrasts with
the restricted but better preserved remains of the holiday resort
of Herculaneum, whilst the superb wall paintings of the Villa Oplontis
at Torre Annunziata give a vivid impression of the opulent life-style
of the wealthier citizens of the early Roman Empire.
The Costiera Amalfitana
The Amalfi coastal strip is one
of great physical beauty and natural diversity. It has been intensively
settled by human communities since the early Middle Ages.
It contains a number of towns such as Amalfi and Ravello which contain
architectural and artistic works of great significance, and its
rural areas demonstrate the versatility of its occupants in adapting
their utilization of the terrain to suit its diversity, from terraced
vineyards and orchards on the lower slopes to wide upland pastures.
The Archaeological Area of Agrigento
Founded as a Greek colony in
the 6th century BC, Agrigento became one of the leading cities of
the Mediterranean world. Its supremacy and pride are demonstrated
by the remains of the magnificent Doric temples that dominate the
ancient town, much of which remains intact under latter-day fields
and orchards. Selected excavated areas throw light on the later
Hellenic and Roman town and on the burial practices of its palaeochristian
inhabitants.
Villa Romana del Casale
Roman exploitation of the countryside
is symbolized by the villa, the centre of the large estate upon
which the rural economy of the Western Empire was based. In its
4th century AD form the Villa Romana del Casale is one of the most
luxurious examples of this type of monument. It is especially noteworthy
for the wealth and quality of the mosaics which decorate almost
every room, and which are the finest still in situ anywhere in the
Roman world.
Cilento and Vallo di Diano National
Park with the Archeological sites of Paestum and Velia, and the
Certosa di Padula
During the prehistoric period,
and again in the Middle Ages, the Cilento region served as a key
route for cultural, political, and commercial communications in
an exceptional manner, utilizing the crests of the mountain chains
running east-west and thereby creating a cultural landscape of outstanding
significance and quality.In two key episodes in the development
of human societies in the Mediterranean region, the Cilento area
provided the only viable means of communication between the Adriatic
and the Tyrrhenian seas, in the central Mediterranean region, and
this is vividly illustrated by the relict cultural landscape of
today.
The Cilento is an outstanding cultural landscape. The dramatic groups
of sanctuaries and settlements along its three east–west mountain
ridges vividly portray the area's historical evolution: it was a
major route not only for trade, but also for cultural and political
interaction during the prehistoric and medieval periods. The Cilento
was also the boundary between the Greek colonies of Magna Graecia
and the indigenous Etruscan and Lucanian peoples. The remains of
two major cities from classical times, Paestum and Velia, are found
there.
Historic Centre of Urbino
During its short cultural pre-eminence,
Urbino attracted some of the most outstanding humanist scholars
and artists of the Renaissance, who created there an exceptional
urban complex of remarkable homogeneity, the influence of which
carried far into the rest of Europe. Urbino represents a pinnacle
of Renaissance art and architecture, harmoniously adapted to its
physical site and to its medieval precursor in an exceptional manner.
Villa Adriana (Tivoli)
Tivoli, Province of LazioThe
Villa Adriana is a masterpiece that uniquely brings together the
highest expressions of the material cultures of the ancient Mediterranean
world. Study of the monuments that make up the Villa Adriana played
a crucial role in the rediscovery of the elements of classical archi-tecture
by the architects of the Renaissance and the Baroque period. It
also profoundly influ-enced many 19th and 20th century architects
and designers.Villa Adriana, an exceptional complex of classical
buildings created in the 2nd century AD by the Roman Emperor Hadrian,
reproduces the best elements of the material cultures of Egypt,
Greece, and Rome in the form of an "ideal city."
Isole Eolie (Aeolian Islands)
Mediterranean Sea - Southern
Tyrrhenian SeaThe islands' volcanic landforms represent classic
features in the continuing study of volcanology world-wide.The Aeolian
Islands provide an outstanding record of volcanic island-building
and destruction and ongoing volcanic phenomena. Studied since at
least the 18th century, the islands have illustrated two of the
types of eruption (Vulcanian and Strombolian) to vulcanology and
so have featured prominently in the education of all geoscientists
for over 200 years.
The site still continues to enrich the field of vulcanological studies.
Assisi, the Basilica of San Francesco
and Other Franciscan Sites
Province of Perugia in UmbriaAssisi
represents an ensemble of masterpieces of human creative genius,
such as the Basilica of San Francesco, which have made it a fundamental
reference for art history in Europe and in the world. The interchange
of artistic and spiritual message of the Franciscan Order has significantly
contributed to developments in art and architecture in the world.
Assisi represents a unique example of continuity of a city-sanctuary
within its environmental setting from its Umbrian-Roman and medieval
origins to the present, represented in the cultural landscape, the
religious ensembles, systems of communication, and traditional land-use.
The Basilica of San Francesco is an outstanding example of a type
of architectural ensemble that has significantly influenced the
development of art and architecture.
Being the birthplace of the Franciscan Order, Assisi has from the
Middle Ages been closely associated with the cult and diffusion
of the Franciscan movement in the world, focusing on the universal
message of peace and tolerance even to other religions or beliefs.Assisi,
an ancient sanctuary and a medieval hill town, is the birthplace
of Saint Francis and fundamentally associated with work of the Franciscan
Order. The masterpieces of medieval art, such as the Basilica of
San Francesco and the paintings by Cimabue, Simone Martini, Pietro
Lorenzetti, and Giotto, have made Assisi a fundamental reference
point for the development of Italian and European art and architecture.
City of Verona
Region of VenetoIn its urban
structure and its architecture, Verona is an outstanding example
of a town that has developed progressively and uninterruptedly over
two thousand years, incorporating artistic elements of the highest
quality from each succeeding period.Verona represents in an exceptional
way the concept of the fortified town at several seminal stages
of European history. The historic city of Verona was founded in
the 1st century CE. It flourished particularly under the rule of
the Scaliger family in the 13th and 14th centuries and as part of
the Republic of Venice from the 15th to 18th centuries. Verona,
a city of culture and art, has preserved a remarkable amount of
monuments from antiquity and the medieval and Renaissance periods,
and represents an outstanding example of a military stronghold.
Villa d'Este, TivoliRegion of Latium
Province of Rome
The Villa d’Este is one
of the most outstanding examples of Renaissance culture at its apogee.
The gardens of the Villa d’Este had a profound influence on
the development of garden design throughout Europe. The principles
of Renaissance design and aesthetics are illustrated in an exceptional
manner by the gardens of the Villa d’Este. The gardens of
the Villa d’Este are among the earliest and finest of the
giardini delle meraviglie and symbolize the flowering of Renaissance
culture.
The Villa d'Este in Tivoli, with its palace and garden, is one of
the most remarkable and comprehensive illustrations of Renaissance
culture at its most refined. Its innovative design along with the
architectural components in the garden (fountains, ornamental basins,
etc.) make this a unique example of an Italian 16th-century garden.
The Villa d'Este, one of the first giardini delle meraviglie, was
an early model for the development of European gardens.
Historic Centre of Rome, the Properties
of the Holy Seein that City Enjoying Extraterritorial Rightsand
San Paolo Fuori le Mura
Founded, according to legend,
by Romulus and Remus in 753 B.C., Rome was first the centre of the
Roman Republic, then of the Roman Empire, and it became the capital
of the Christian world in the 4th century. The World Heritage site,
extended in 1990 to the walls of Urban VIII, includes some of the
major monuments of antiquity such as the Forums, the Mausoleum of
Augustus, the Mausoleum of Hadrian, the Pantheon, Trajan's Column
and the Column of Marcus Aurelius, as well as the religious and
public buildings of papal Rome.
http://ww2.webcomp.com/virtuale/us/roma/movie.htm
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