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POLICY Project, USAID, UNAIDS, UNICEF (2004). Coverage of selected services for HIV/AIDS prevention, care and support in low and middle-income countries in 2003. Washington DC, POLICY Project.

ÞÍÝÉÄÑ (2004). Äîêëàä î ãëîáàëüíîé ýïèäåìèè ÂÈ×/ÑÏÈÄà 2004. Æåíåâà, ÞÍÝÉÄÑ.

WHO (2004). Investing in a comprehensive health sector response to HIV/AIDS: Scaling up treatment and Accelerating Prevention. Geneva, WHO. July.

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Access Working Group (2002). Preparing for Microbicide Access and Use: A Report by the Access Working Group of the Microbicide Initiative. New York, Rockefeller Foundation.

Bracher M, Santow G, Watkins S (2003). Moving and marrying. Demographic Research. Special Collection 1. Article 7. September. Available at http://www.demographic-research.org/special/1/7/s1-7.pdf.

Buve A, Bishikwabo-Nzarhaza K, Mutangadura G (2002). The spread and effect of HIV-1 infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Lancet, 359:2011-2017.

Carpenter LM, Kamali A, Ruberantwari A, Malamba SS, Whitworth JAG (1999). Rates of HIV-1 transmission within marriage in rural Uganda in relation to the HIV sero-status of the partners. AIDS, 13:1083-1089.

Cates W (2004). The staying power of sexually transmitted diseases. Lancet, 354(Suppl. 4):S2.

Clark S (2004). Early Marriage and HIV Risks in sub-Saharan Africa. Studies in Family Planning, 35(3):149-160.

Cohen J (2004). Till death do us part. Science, 304:513. 23 April.

Department of Health, South Africa, Measure DHS, USA; Medical Research Council, South Africa (1998). Demographic and health survey 1998: final report. Pretoria, South Africa.

Drimie, S (2002). The Impact of HIV/AIDS on Land: Case studies from Kenya, Lesotho and South Africa. Synthesis report prepared for the FAO Southern Africa Regional Office. Pretoria, Human Sciences Research Council.

Dunkle et al. (2004). Gender-based violence, relationship power, and risk of HIV infection among women attending antenatal clinics in South Africa. Lancet, 363:1415-1421.

Federal Ministry of Health Nigeria (2003). National HIV Sero-prevalence Sentinel Survey Technical Report. Abuja, Federal Ministry of Health. April.

Garcia-Moreno C, Watts C (2000). Violence against women: its importance for HIV/AIDS. AIDS, 14(suppl 3):S253-265.

Ghana Statistical Service, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, MEASURE DHS+ (2004). Ghana Demographic and Health Survey 2003. Preliminary Report. Accra, Ghana Statistical Service.

Gilbert L, Walker L (2002). Treading the path of least resistance: HIV/AIDS and social inequalities--a South African case study. Social Science & Medicine, 54:1093-1110.

Glynn, JR et al. (2001). Why do young women have a much higher prevalence of HIV than young men? A study in Kisumu, Kenya and Ndola, Zambia. AIDS, 15(Suppl. 4):S51-60.

Gregson S et al. (2002). Sexual mixing patterns and sex-differentials in teenage exposure to HIV infection in rural Zimbabwe. Lancet, 359:1896-1903.

Gupta, GR (2002). How men's power over women fuels the HIV epidemic. British Medical Journal, 234:183-184.

Hallman, K (2004). Socioeconomic disadvantage and unsafe sexual behaviours among young women and men in South Africa. Policy research working paper No. 190. New York, Population Council. Available at http://www.popcouncil.org/publications/wp/prd/190_ru.html

Halperin DT, Epstein H (2004). Concurrent sexual partnerships help to explain Africa's high HIV prevalence: implications for prevention. Lancet, 364:4-6. 3 July.

HelpAge International (2004). Age and security: How social pensions can deliver effective aid to poor older people and their families. London, HelpAge International.

Heise L, Ellsberg M, Gottemoeller M (1999). Ending violence against women. Population Reports, Series L, No 11. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Population Information Program, December.

Human Rights Watch (2003a). Double standards: women's property rights violations in Kenya. New York, Human Rights Watch.

Human Rights Watch (2003b). Just Die Slowly: Domestic Violence and Women's Vulnerability to HIV in Uganda. New York, Human Rights Watch.

Human Rights Watch (2001). Scared At School: Sexual Violence Against Girls in South African Schools. New York, Human Rights Watch.

Hunter M. (2002). The materiality of everyday sex: thinking beyond "prostitution". African Studies, 61(1):99-120.

Jewkes R (2002). Intimate partner violence: causes and prevention. Lancet, 359:1423-1429.

Jewkes R, Wood K (2002). Dangerous Love: Reflections on Violence among Xhosa Township Youth. In: Morrell R, ed. Changing Men in Southern Africa. Pietermaritzburg, University of Natal Press.

Jewkes R, Levin J, Penn-Kekana L (2002). Risk factors for domestic violence: findings from a South African cross-sectional study. Social Science and Medicine, 55(9):1603-1617.

Jewkes R, Penn-Kekana L, Levin LEA (1999). He Must Give Me Money, He Mustn't Beat Me: Violence against Women in Three South African Provinces. Pretoria, Medical Research Council.

Jewkes R, Vundule C, Maforah FEA (2001). Relationship dynamics and teenage pregnancy in South Africa. Social Science & Medicine, 52(5):733-44.

Kaori I (2004). Women's Land/Property Rights and Livelihood in the Context of HIV/AIDS - an Emergency and Opportunity to Change. Concept Paper. Rome, FAO.

Kelly RJ et al. (2003). Age differences in sexual partners and risk of HIV-1 infection in rural Uganda. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, 32:446-451.

Khan ME, Townsend J, Sinha R, Lakhanpal S (2004). Sexual violence within marriage. Vadodara, Centre for Operations Research and Training.

Kishor S, Johnson K (2004). Domestic violence in nine developing countries: A comparative study. Calverton, MACRO International.

Krantz G (2003). Domestic violence against women--a population based study in Vietnam. In: Centre for Health Equity Studies SUKI, ed. Stockholm.

Luke N, Kurz KM (2002). Cross-generational and transactional sexual relations in sub-Saharan Africa: Prevalence of behaviour and implications for negotiating safer sex practices. September. Washington, AIDSmark. Available at www.icrw.org/docs/crossgensex_Report_902pdf

Maman S et al. (2002). HIV-1 Positive Women Report More Lifetime Experiences with Violence: Findings from a Voluntary HIV-1 Counseling and Testing Clinic in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. American Journal of Public Health, 92:1331-1337.

Martin S, Curtis S (2004). Gender-based violence and HIV/AIDS: recognizing links and acting on evidence. Lancet, 363:1410-11.

Martin S, Tsui AO, Maitra K, Marinshaw R (1999). Domestic violence in Northern India. American Journal of Epidemiology, 150:417-426.

Measure DHS, Central Statistical Office, Central Board of Health (2002). Zambia Demographic and Health Survey 2001/2002. Lusaka.

Measure DHS, National Council for Population and Development (1993 & 1998). Kenya Demographic and Health Surveys, Washington DC, Measure DHS, National Council for Population and Development.

Ministère de la Santé Burkina Faso (2003). Burkina Faso Enquête Démographique et de Santé 2003. Ouagadougou, Ministère de Santé.

Mutangadura G (2000). Household Welfare Impacts of Mortality of Adult Females in Zimbabwe: Implications for Policy and Programme Development. Paper presented at the AIDS and Economics Symposium. Durban, IAEC Network. July.

Ogden J, Esim S (2003). Reconceptualizing the care continuum for HIV/AIDS: Bringing carers into focus. Desk review draft. Washington DC, International Center for Research on Women.

Preston-Whyte E et al. (2000). Survival Sex and HIV/AIDS in an African City. In: Parker RG et al. (2000). Framing the sexual subject - The Politics of Gender, Sexuality and Power. San Francisco, University of California.

Reproductive Health Research Unit, Medical Research Council (2004). National Survey of HIV and Sexual Behaviour among Young South Africans. Johannesburg, Reproductive Health Research Unit.

Rugalema G (1999). Adult Mortality as Entitlement Failure: AIDS and the Crisis of Rural Livelihoods in a Tanzanian Village. PhD thesis. The Hague, Institute of Social Studies.

Russian Federal AIDS Center (2004). Newsletter No. 26. Moscow. August.

Steinberg M, Johnson S, Schierhout S, Ndegwa D (2002). Hitting home: how households cope with the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Cape Town, Henry J Kaiser Foundation & Health Systems Trust. October.

Stephenson J, Obasi A (2004). HIV risk-reduction in adolescents. Lancet, 363:1177.

Strickland R (2004). To Have and to Hold: Women's Property and Inheritance Rights in the Context of HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa. Working paper. Washington, International Center for Research on Women.

Thai Working Group on HIV/AIDS Projections (2001). HIV/AIDS Projections for Thailand: 2000-2020. Bangkok. March.

ÞÍÝÉÄÑ (2004). Äîêëàä î ãëîáàëüíîé ýïèäåìèè ÂÈ×/ÑÏÈÄà 2004. Æåíåâà, ÞÍÝÉÄÑ.

UNAIDS, UNIFEM, UNFPA (2004). Women and HIV/AIDS: Confronting the Crisis. New York, UNFPA.UNICEF (2003a). Finding Our Voices, Gendered & Sexual Identities and HIV/AIDS in Education. Nairobi, UNICEF.

UNICEF (2003a). Finding Our Voices, Gendered & Sexual Identities and HIV/AIDS in Education. Nairobi, UNICEF.

UNICEF (2003b). The State of the World's Children 2004. New York, UNICEF.

UNICEF, Ministry of Local Government Botswana (2003). Situation Analysis on Orphans and Vulnerable Children. Francistown, UNICEF, Ministry of Local Government Botswana.

UNICEF, UNAIDS (2003). Africa's orphaned generations. New York, UNICEF.

UN Secretary General's Task Force on Women, Girls and HIV/AIDS in Southern Africa (2004). Facing the Future Together: Report of the United Nations Secretary-General's Task Force on Women, Girls and HIV/AIDS in Southern Africa. New York.

Van der Straten A et al. (1998). Sexual coercion, physical violence, and HIV infection among women in steady relationships in Kigali, Rwanda. AIDS, 9:935-944.

WHO (forthcoming 2005). WHO Multi-Country Study on Domestic Violence Against Women and Women's Health - Report on the first results. Geneva, WHO.

WHO (2004). Investing in a comprehensive health sector response to HIV/AIDS--Scaling up treatment and accelerating prevention: WHO HIV/AIDS Plan (January 2004-December 2005). Geneva, WHO.

WHO (2003). Integrating gender into HIV/AIDS programmes: expert consultation. Geneva, WHO/International Center for Research on Women (ICRW). 3-5 June 2002. Available at http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/prev_care/Gender_hivaidsreviewpaper.pdf

WHO Regional Office for Africa (2003). HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Surveillance Update for the WHO African Region 2002. Harare, WHO Regional Office for Africa. September.

Women and Law in Southern Africa Research Trust (1998). Family in Transition: the experience of Swaziland. Manzini, Women and Law in Southern Africa Research Trust.

Zambia Central Statistical Office, Zambia Central Board of Health, ORC Macro (2003). Zambia Demographic and Health Survey 2001-2002. Calverton, Maryland, USA: Central Statistical Office, Central Board of Health, and ORC Macro.

Zierler S, Krieger N (1997). Reframing women's risk: social inequalities and HIV infection. Annual Review of Public Health, 18:401-436.

Ministry of Health and Child Welfare Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe National Family Planning Council, Zimbabwe National AIDS Council,
US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2003). The Zimbabwe Young Adult Survey (YAS) 2001-2002. Harare.

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Asamoah-Odei E, Garcia-Calleja JM, Boerma T (2004). HIV prevalence and trends in sub-Saharan Africa: no decline and large subregional differences. Lancet, 364:35-40.

Bradshaw D et al. (2004). Unabated rise in number of adult deaths in South Africa. South African Medical Journal, 94(4):278-279.

Chitate D, Muvandi I (2004). The demographic impact of sustained high levels of HIV prevalence in Zimbabwe. XV International AIDS Conference. Abstract ThPeE7934. Bangkok. 11-16 July.

Cote et al. (2004). Transactional sex is the driving force of the HIV epidemic in Accra, Ghana. AIDS, 18(6):917-925.

Evian C et al. (2004). Prevalence of HIV in workforces in southern Africa, 2000-2001. South African Medical Journal, 94(2):125-130.

Federal Ministry of Health Nigeria (2004). Technical Report on the 2003 National HIV/Syphilis Sentinel Survey among Pregnant Women attending Antenatal Clinics in Nigeria. Abuja, Nigeria, Federal Ministry of Health. April.

Hosegood V, Vanneste A-M, Timaeus IM (2004). Levels and causes of adult mortality in rural South Africa: the impact of AIDS. AIDS, 18(4):663-671.

Jordan-Harder B et al. (2004). Thirteen years HIV-1 sentinel surveillance and indicators for behavioural change suggest impact of programme activities in south-west Tanzania. AIDS, 18(2):287-294.

Meehan A et al. (2004). Prevalence and risk factors for HIV in Zimbabwean and South African women. XV International AIDS Conference. Abstract MoPeC3468. Bangkok. 11-16 July.

Ministère de la Santé République du Congo (2004). Evaluation de la séroprévalence des infections a VIH Rapport d'analyse provisoire. Brazzaville, Ministère de la Santé.

Ministère de la Santé République démocratique du Congo (2004). Rapport du passage de la surveillance sentinelle du VIH chez les femmes enceintes fréquentant les services de CPN, Mai 2003 a Mai 2004. Kinshasha, Ministère de la Santé. Juin.

Ministère de la Santé Madagascar (2003). Etude combinée des séroprévalences de l'infection a VIH et de la syphilis chez les femmes enceintes a Madagascar. Antananarivo, Ministère de la Santé.

Ministère de la Santé Togo (2004). Rapport de surveillance de l'infection par le VIH dans le groupe des consultantes prénatales, Année 2003. Lomé, Ministère de la Santé. Février.

Ministry of Health Eritrea (2004). HIV prevention impact in Eritrea: Results from the 2003 Round of HIV Sentinel Surveillance. Asmara, Ministry of Health.

Ministry of Health South Africa (2004). National HIV and Syphilis Antenatal Sero-prevalence Survey in South Africa. Pretoria, Ministry of Health.

Ministry of Health and Child Welfare Zimbabwe, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, UNAIDS (2004). Zimbabwe National HIV and AIDS Estimates 2003. Harare, Ministry of Health.

Montana LS et al. (2004). Estimating district-level HIV prevalence in Malawi. XV International AIDS Conference. Abstract MoPeC3649. Bangkok. 11-16 July.

Mwaluko G et al. (2003). Trends in HIV and sexual behaviour in a longitudinal study in a rural population in Tanzania, 1994-2000. AIDS, 17(18):2645-2651.

Nagot N et al. (2004). Review of STI and HIV epidemiological data from 1990 to 2001 in urban Burkina Faso: implications for STI and HIV control. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 80:124-129.

Notkola V, Timaeus IM, Siiskonen H (2004). Impact on mortality of the AIDS epidemic in northern Namibia assessed using parish registers. AIDS, 18(7):1061-1065.

Reproductive Health Research Unit, Medical Research Council (2004). National Survey of HIV and Sexual Behaviour among Young South Africans. Johannesburg, Reproductive Health Research Unit.

Sanda TA et al. (2004). First national epidemiological survey of STD and HIV infection among female sexual workers in 3 regions of Niger in 2002. XV International AIDS Conference. Abstract WePeC6244. Bangkok. 11-16 July.

Sonnenberg P et al., 2004. HIV and pulmonary tuberculosis: the impact goes beyond those infected with HIV. AIDS, 18(4):657-662.

ÞÍÝÉÄÑ (2004). Äîêëàä î ãëîáàëüíîé ýïèäåìèè ÂÈ×/ÑÏÈÄà 2004. Æåíåâà, ÞÍÝÉÄÑ.

UNAIDS/WHO. 2004. Epidemiological Fact Sheet--2004 update: Senegal. Geneva, UNAIDS/WHO.

UNDP, 2004. Human Development Report 2004. New York, UNDP.

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Caribbean Epidemiology Centre (CAREC)/PAHO/WHO (2004). Status and Trends, Analysis of the Caribbean HIV/AIDS Epidemic 1982-2002. Caribbean Epidemiology Centre/PAHO/WHO, Trinidad and Tobago. Available at http://www.carec.org/pdf/20-years-aids-caribbean.pdf.

Caribbean Epidemiology Centre (2004). Quarterly AIDS Surveillance Reports submitted to CAREC's Epidemiology Division. Port of Spain, CAREC. May.

Caribbean Epidemiology Centre, PAHO, WHO (2004). Status and Trends Analysis of the Caribbean HIV/AIDS Epidemic 1982-2002. Port of Spain, CAREC.

Caribbean Epidemiology Centre, PAHO, WHO (2003). Success stories in the fight against HIV/AIDS in the Caribbean--An update. Port of Spain, CAREC. December.

Caribbean Epidemiology Centre (2003). The Caribbean HIV/AIDS Epidemic Epidemiological Status--Success Stories: A Summary. CAREC Surveillance Report, 23 (Supplement 1). October.

Department of Public Health The Bahamas (2004). HIV Surveillance 1992-2003. Nassau, Department of Public Health.

Kumar A, Singh B (2004). Impact of the AIDS Prevention Program on trends in prevalence and incidence of HIV infection among pregnant women in Barbados. XV International AIDS Conference. Abstract ThPeC2782. Bangkok. 11-16 July.

Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population Haïti et al. (2004). Etude de sero surveillance par méthode sentinelle de la prévalence du VIH, de la syphilis, de l'hépatite B et de l'hépatite C chez les femmes enceintes en Haïti 2003/2004. Port-au-prince, Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population. Juillet.

Ministry of Health Jamaica (2003). Surveillance Report 2001-2002. Kingston, Ministry of Health.

Monitoring the AIDS Pandemic Network (MAP) (2003). HIV infection and AIDS in the Americas: lessons and challenges for the future. Havana, MAP and Latin American and Caribbean Epidemiologic Network, EpiNet.

Norman LR, Uche C (2002). Prevalence and Determinants of Sexually Transmitted Diseases: An analysis of young Jamaican males. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, (29)3:126-132. March.

Palmer CJ et al. (2002). HIV Prevalence in a Gold Mining Camp in the Amazon Region, Guyana. Emerging Infectious Diseases, (8)3. March. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol8no3/01-0261_ru.htm

Stanecki, K. (2004). The AIDS Pandemic in the 21st Century. Washington, USAID, US Census Bureau. March.

St John MA et al., (2003). Efficacy of Nevirapine Administration on Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV using a modified HIVNET 012 regimen. West Indian Medical Journal, 51 (Suppl 3):1-87.

ÞÍÝÉÄÑ (2004). Äîêëàä î ãëîáàëüíîé ýïèäåìèè ÂÈ×/ÑÏÈÄà 2004. Æåíåâà, ÞÍÝÉÄÑ.

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AIDS Prevention and Control Project (2003). HIV Risk behaviour surveillance survey in Tamil Nadu Wave VII. Chennai.

Brown T (2004). Tackling the HIV/AIDS Epidemic in Asia. Asia-Pacific Population & Policy No. 68. January.

China National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention (2004). A needle social marketing intervention programme in Guangdong and Guangxi province. Beijing, China Center for Disease Control.

China National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention (2003). Questionnaire survey of injection drug users in a compulsory detoxification center and non-treatment locations in Beijing. Beijing. World Health Organization.

Choi K-H et al. (2003). Emerging HIV-1 epidemic in China in men who have sex with men. Lancet, 361:2125-2126.

Douthwaite M (2003). Reproductive Health Risk Young Men's Sexual Behaviour in Cambodia: Evidence that Safe Sex Messages are Getting Through. 2nd Asia Pacific Conference on Reproductive and Sexual Health, Bangkok, Centre for Health Policy Studies, Mahidol University.

Go VF et al. (2004). High HIV Prevalence and Risk Behaviours in Men Who Have Sex with Men in Chennai, India. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, 35(3):314-9. 1 March.

Indonesia Central Bureau of Statistics, MACRO International (2004). Indonesia Young Adults Reproductive Health Survey. Jakarta, BPS.

Johnston P et al. (2004). Changing patterns of HIV prevalence among injection drug users: early evidence from a cross-border HIV prevention project in Ning Ming County (Guangxi), China and Lang Son Province, Vietnam. XV International AIDS Conference Abstract WePeC6045. Bangkok. 11-16 July.

Kato K et al. (2001). Closely related HIV-1 prevalence in STD clinic attendees in Delhi, India: 5-year (1995-2000) hospital-based study results. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 77(5):393.

Lao People's Democratic Republic National Committee for the Control of AIDS Bureau (2001). HIV Surveillance Survey and Sexually Transmitted Infection Periodic Prevalence Survey. Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lao PDR HIV/AIDS Trust.

Ministry of Health China, UN Theme Group on HIV/AIDS in China (2003). A Joint Assessment of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Treatment and Care in China. Beijing, China Ministry of Health, UN Theme Group on HIV/AIDS in China.

Monitoring the AIDS Pandemic Network (MAP) (2003). HIV infection and AIDS in the Americas: lessons and challenges for the future. Havana, MAP and Latin American and Caribbean Epidemiologic Network, EpiNet.

National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) (2002). National Baseline High Risk and Bridge Population Behavioural Surveillance Survey Part II Men who have Sex with Men and Injecting Drug users. Delhi, NACO.

Navaratnam V, Vicknasingham B (2003). Survey of drug users in Penang and the Northern Province Wellesley district. Penang, Universiti Sains Malaysia.

Philippines Department of Health (2002). The 2002 technical report of the national HIV/AIDS sentinel surveillance system (1997-2003). Manila, AIDS Surveillance and Education Project.

Pisani E, Dili STI survey team (2004). HIV, STIs and risk behaviour in East Timor: an historic opportunity for effective action. Dili, East Timor, Family Health International.

Pisani E et al. (2003). Sexual behaviour among injecting drug users in 3 Indonesia carries a high potential for HIV spread to noninjectors. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, 34(4):403-6.

Ruxrungtham K, Brown T, Phanuphak P (2004). HIV/AIDS in Asia. Lancet, 364:69-82.

Shah SA, Altaf A, Mujeeb SA, Memon A (2004). An outbreak of HIV infection among injection drug users in a small town in Pakistan: potential for national implications. International Journal of STD & AIDS, 15(3):209-210.

Shengli C, Shikun Z, Westley SB (2004). HIV/AIDS Awareness Is Improving in China. Asia-Pacific Population & Policy, 69:1-5.

Thai Working Group on HIV/AIDS Projections (2001). HIV/AIDS Projections for Thailand: 2000-2020. Bangkok. March.

ÞÍÝÉÄÑ (2004). Äîêëàä î ãëîáàëüíîé ýïèäåìèè ÂÈ×/ÑÏÈÄà 2004. Æåíåâà, ÞÍÝÉÄÑ.

ÞÍÝÉÄÑ/ÂÎÇ (2003). Äîêëàä î ñîñòîÿíèè ýïèäåìèè ÑÏÈÄà 2003. Æåíåâà, ÞÍÝÉÄÑ/ÂÎÇ.

UNDP (2004). Thailand's Response to HIV/AIDS: Progress and Challenges. Bangkok, UNDP.

Van Griensven F et al. (2004). Prevalence and risk factors for HIV infection among men who have sex with men in Bangkok. XV International AIDS Conference Abstract WePpC2068. Bangkok. 11-16 July.

Vonthanak S, Parekh B (2004). BED-Capture EIA: A subtype-independent, second-generation assay for HIV-1 incidence estimation. New Strategies for HIV/AIDS Surveillance in Resource-Constrained Countries. Paper. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Yu XF et al. (1999). Emerging HIV infections with distinct subtypes of HIV-1 infection among injection drug users from geographically separate locations in Guangxi Province, China. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, 22(2):180-8.

Zang K-L, Ma S-j, Xia D-y (2004). Epidemiology of HIV and sexually transmitted infections in China. Sexual Health, 16:39-46.

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AIDS Foundation East-West (2004). Officially Registered HIV Cases by Region of the Russian Federation, 1 January 1987through 22 March 2004. AIDS Foundation East-West.

Booth RE et al. (2004). Predictors of Self-Reported HIV Infection Among Drug Injectors in Ukraine. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, 35(1):82-88.

EuroHIV (2004). HIV/AIDS Surveillance in Europe. End-year report 70. Saint-Maurice, Institut de Veille Sanitaire.

EuroHIV (2003). HIV/AIDS Surveillance in Europe. Mid-year report 69. Saint-Maurice, Institut de Veille Sanitaire.

Federal Service of the Russian Federation for Surveillance in Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare, 2004

Field MG (2004). HIV and AIDS in the Former Soviet Bloc. New England Journal of Medicine, 315:117-120.

Filatov A, Suharsky D (2002). Peculiarities of HIV infection among intravenous drug users in Mirninsk district, Yakut area. 4th European AIDS Conference, Vilnius, Lithuania.

Kelly JA et al. (2002). HIV risk characteristics and prevention needs in a community sample of bisexual men in St. Petersburg, Russia. AIDS Care, 14:63-76.

Klavs I, Poljak M (2003). Unlinked monitoring of human immunodeficiency virus prevalence in high- and low-risk groups in Slovenia, 1993-2002. Croatian Medical Journal, 44:545-9.

Lowndes, C. M. et al. (2002). Female injection drug users who practice sex work in Togliatti City, Russian Federation: HIV prevalence and risk behaviour. XIV International AIDS Conference. Abstract MoPeC3501. Barcelona.

Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Law (2000). Illegal drug trade in Russia. Freiburg, Max Planck Institute.

Moshkovich GF et al. (2000). Prevention of HIV infection and other blood borne infections amongst injecting drug users in Nizhny Novgorod associated with harm reduction. Journal of Microbiology, Epidemiology and Immunobiology, (4):78-82 (Original in Russian).

Republican AIDS Centre (2004). Results of 2003 Sentinel Epidemiological Surveillance for HIV among Sex Workers in Kazakhstan. Almaty, Republican AIDS Centre.

Republican AIDS Centre (2001). Behavioural Survey among Injecting Drug Users in Nine Cities of Kazakhstan. Almaty, Republican AIDS Centre.

Rhodes T et al. (2004). HIV transmission and HIV prevention associated with injecting drug use in the Russian Federation. International Journal of Drug Policy, 15:1-16.

Rhodes T et al. (2002). Behavioural factors in HIV transmission in eastern Europe and central Asia. Unpublished paper, UNAIDS, Geneva.

Russian Federal AIDS Center (2004). Newsletter 26. Moscow, Russian Federal AIDS Center. August.

Smolskaya T et al. (2004a). Sentinel sero-epidemiological and behavioural surveillance among female sex workers, St Petersburg, Russian Federation, 2003. XV International AIDS Conference. Abstract ThOrC137. Bangkok. 11-16 July.

Smolskaya et al., (2004b). Sentinel seroepidemiological and behavioural surveillance among female sex workers. XV International AIDS Conference. Abstract. ThOrC1371. Bangkok. 11-16 July.

ÞÍÝÉÄÑ (2004). Äîêëàä î ãëîáàëüíîé ýïèäåìèè ÂÈ×/ÑÏÈÄà 2004. Æåíåâà, ÞÍÝÉÄÑ.

WHO Regional Office for Europe (2004). HIV Infections epidemiology: Sentinel Surveillance and Risk Factors: A Comparative Study in the Russian Federation, Azerbaijan and Republic of Moldova. Copenhagen, WHO-Euro.

World Bank (2004). World Development Report 2005: A Better Investment Climate For Everyone. Washington, World Bank.

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Alarcon JO et al. (2003). Determinants and prevalence of HIV infection in pregnant Peruvian women. AIDS. 17:613-618.

Avila MM et al. (2004). Monitoring for HIV-1 infection and other sexually-transmitted infections (STIs) in a cohort of men who have sex with men (MSM) in Buenos Aires, Argentina. XV International AIDS Conference. Abstract WePpC2609. Bangkok. 11-16 July.

Bravo-Garcia E, Magis C (2004). HIV prevalence in 32 Mexican States: a new methodology. XV International AIDS Conference. Abstract C12624. Bangkok. 11-16 July.

Caiaffa WT et al. (2003). The Dynamics of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Epidemics in the South of Brazil: Increasing Role of Injection Drug Users. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 37(Suppl 5):S376-81.

De los Pando M et al. (2003). High human immunodeficiency virus type 1 seroprevalence in men who have sex with men in Buenos Aires, Argentina: risk factors for infection. International Journal of Epidemiology, 32:735-40.

Gravato N, Morell MGG, Areco K, Peres CA (2004). Associated Factors to HIV Infection in Commercial Sex Workers in Santos, Sao Paulo, Brazil. XV International AIDS Conference. Abstract WePeC6202. Bangkok. 11-16 July.

Guanira J et al. (2004). Second generation of HIV surveillance among men who have sex with men in Peru during 2002. XV International AIDS Conference. Abstract WePeC6162. Bangkok. 11-16 July.

Johnson KM et al. (2003). Sexual networks of pregnant women with and without HIV infection. AIDS, 17(4):605-12.

Khalsa JH, Francis H, Mazin R (2003). Bloodborne and Sexually Transmitted Infections in Drug Abusers in the United States, Latin America, the Caribbean and Spain. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 37(Suppl 5):S331-7.

Marins JRP et al. (2003). Dramatic improvement in survival among adult Brazilian AIDS patients. AIDS, 17(11):1675-1682.

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