The history
and development of Hickory has been divided into
five stages of growth. The earliest phase began
at the end of the eighteenth century and ended with
the outbreak of the Civil War (1769-1860).
The second
phase began when the Civil War ended, as the city's
population and economy expanded as well as increased
development in cultural and educational facilities
(1861-1900).
This
second phase lasted until around 1901, when the
establishment of the first large-scale furniture
plant made permanent changes in the manufacturing
business. From 1901 until the onset of World War
I in 1917, many furniture factories as well as hosiery
and textile mills were built in the city's realm
resulting in a rise in population, service industries,
and building activity.
During
World War I, construction in the city declined only
to be followed by a large increase in population
and housing needs, growth of businesses and manufacturing
companies, and the extension of public services
rendered by local government (1918-1940).
Growth
since 1940- After World War II Hickory continued
growing and by 1961 the city boasted forty-six furniture
plants, eight-nine hosiery mills, twenty-seven other
manufactories, and a population of 37,000 people.
A vast urban renewal project as well as continual
redevelopment also accompanied this period of growth.
Much of the historic fabric of Hickory's downtown
was removed or drastically altered in the 1960s
and 1970s, leaving gaping holes in the urban landscape.
Yet, this period also saw the emergence of historic
preservation efforts in Hickory, a trend that has
grown in scope by instilling pride in the city's
past by encouraging the appreciation, preservation,
and continued use of Hickory's historic resources.