UNFPA: ICPD & MDG FOLLOWUP: Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

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HOME: ICPD & MDG FOLLOWUP: Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

Overview

ICPD

Summary of the ICPD Programme of Action

ICPD+5

ICPD at 10

Millennium Development Goals
(MDGs)

Implementing ICPD, ICPD+5 and MDGs

Key Documents

Highlights

Millennium Development Goals Website

A Better World for All: Progress towards the MDGs

Millennium Indicators DataBase

Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

At the Millennium Summit in September 2000 the states of the United Nations reaffirmed their commitment to working toward a world in which sustaining development and eliminating poverty would have the highest priority. The Millennium Development Goals grew out of the agreements and resolutions of world conferences organized by the United Nations in the past decade. The goals have been commonly accepted as a framework for measuring development progress.

The goals focus the efforts of the world community on achieving significant, measurable improvements in people's lives. They establish yardsticks for measuring results, not just for developing countries but for rich countries that help to fund development programs and for the multilateral institutions that help countries implement them. The first seven goals are mutually reinforcing and are directed at reducing poverty in all its forms. The last goal-global partnership for development-is about the means to achieve the first seven. Many of the poorest countries will need additional assistance and must look to the rich countries to provide it. Countries that are poor and heavily indebted will need further help in reducing their debt burdens. And all countries will benefit if trade barriers are lowered, allowing a freer exchange of goods and services.

For the poorest countries many of the goals seem far out of reach. Even in better-off countries there may be regions or groups that lag behind. So countries need to set their own goals and work to ensure that poor people are included in the benefits of development.

Millennium Development Goals

Goals and targets

Indicators

Goal 1

Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than $1 a day

Proportion of population below $1 a day
Poverty gap ratio (incidence x depth of poverty)
Share of poorest quintile in national consumption

Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger

Prevalence of underweight in children (under five years of age)
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption

Goal 2

Achieve universal primary education

Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling

Net enrollment ratio in primary education
Proportion of pupils starting grade 1 who reach grade 5
Literacy rate of 15 to 24-year-olds

Goal 3

Promote gender equality and empower women

Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education preferably by 2005 and in all levels of education no later than 2015

Ratio of girls to boys in primary, secondary, and tertiary education
Ratio of literate females to males among 15- to 24-year-olds
Share of women in wage employment in the nonagricultural sector
Proportion of seats held by women in national parliament

Goal 4

Reduce child mortality

Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate

Under-five mortality rate
Infant mortality rate
Proportion of one-year-old children immunized against measles

Goal 5

Improve maternal health

Reduce by three-quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio

Maternal mortality ratio
Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel

Goal 6

Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases

Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS

HIV prevalence among 15- to 24-year-old pregnant women
Contraceptive prevalence rate ^b
Number of children orphaned by HIV/AIDS

Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases

Prevalence and death rates associated with malaria
Proportion of population in malaria-risk areas using effective malaria
prevention and treatment measures
Prevalence and death rates associated with tuberculosis
Proportion of TB cases detected and cured under DOTS

Goal 7

Ensure environmental sustainability

Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and program and reverse the loss of environmental resources

Change in land area covered by forest
Land area protected to maintain biological diversity
GDP per unit of energy use
Carbon dioxide emissions (per capita)

Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water

Proportion of population with sustainable access to an improved water source

Have achieved, by 2020, a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers

Proportion of populationwith access to improved sanitation
Proportion of population with access to secure tenure [Urban/rural disaggregation of several of the above indicators may be relevant for monitoring improvement in the lives of slum dwellers]

Goal 8

Develop a global partnership for development

Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable, nondiscriminatory trading and financial system (includes a commitment to good governance, development, and poverty reduction—both nationally and internationally)

Some of the indicators listed below will be monitored separately for the least developed countries, Africa, landlocked countries, and small island developing states.

Official development assistance

Address the special needs of the least developed countries (includes tariff-and quota-free access for exports enhanced program of debt relief for HIPC and cancellation of official bilateral debt, and more generous ODA for countries committed to poverty reduction)

Net ODA as a percentage of DAC donors' gross national income
Proportion of ODA to basic social services (basic education, primary health care, nutrition, safe water, and sanitation)
Proportion of ODA that is untied
Proportion of ODA for environment in small island developing states
Proportion of ODA for the transport sector in landlocked countries

Market access

Address the special needs of landlocked countries and small island developing states (through the Barbados Programme and 22nd General Assembly provisions)

Proportion of exports (by value, excluding arms) admitted free of duties and quotas
Average tariffs and quotas on agricultural products and textiles and clothing
Domestic and export agricultural subsidies in OECD countries
Proportion of ODA provided to help build trade capacity

Debt sustainability

Deal comprehensively with the debt problems of developing countries through national and international measures in order to make debt sustainable in the long term

Proportion of official bilateral HIPC debt canceled
Debt service as a percentage of exports of goods and services
Proportion of ODA provided as debt relief
Number of countries reaching HIPC decision and completion points

Other

In cooperation with developing countries, develop and implement strategies for decent and productive work for youth

In cooperation with pharmaceutical companies, provide access to affordable, essential drugs in developing countries

In cooperation with the private sector, make available the benefits of new technologies, especially information and communications

Unemployment rate of 15- to 24-year-olds
Proportion of population with access to affordable, essential drugs on a sustainable basis
Telephone lines per 1,000 people
Personal computers per 1,000 people

Some indicators, particularly for goals 7 and 8, remain under discussion. Additions or revisions to the list may be made in the future.
Only one form of contraception―condoms―is effective in reducing the spread of HIV.

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