A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Acoustic feedback - a squealing sound when the audio output of a P.A. system is picked up by a microphone and sent, in phase, back into the mixer’s input.
Acoustic suspension - a sealed or closed box speaker enclosure. Also called a sealed enclosure, or infinite baffle.

Ampere (A) - the unit of measurement for electrical current in coulombs per second. There is one ampere in a circuit that has one ohm resistance when one volt is applied to the circuit. See Ohms Law.

Amplifier - an electrical circuit designed to increase the current, voltage, or power of an applied signal.

Amplitude - the relative strength (usually voltage) of a signal.

Attenuation - the reduction, typically by some controlled amount, of an electrical or acoustic signal.

Audio frequency - the acoustic spectrum of human hearing, generally regarded to be between 20 Hz and 20 kHz.

Audiophile signal processing (Analog) - Really expensive esoteric rackmount effects processors designed to reduce tape hiss, eliminate tape saturation, reduce wow and flutter and clean up any tube distortion in the signal path during the analog (tape) recording process. Thus making the final product much more pristine and therefore better sounding to the listener.

Audiophile signal processing (Digital) - Really expensive esoteric rackmount effects processors and software plug-ins designed to emulate tape hiss, and tape saturation, induce wow and flutter and create tube distortion in the signal path during the digital recording process, thus making the final product much less pristine and therefore better sounding to the listener.

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Accelerando - Increase of speed in music

Accent - Stress of one tone over others, making it stand out; often it is the first beat of a measure

Accompaniment - Music that goes along with a more important part; often harmony or rhythmic patterns accompanying a melody.

Adagio - Slow, leisurely

Allegretto - Moderately fast, lively. Faster than Andante, slower than allegro

Allegro - Lively, brisk, rapid

Andante - Moderately slow, a walking speed

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A+R R (Artist & Repertoire)

This term is usually used in the phrase "A&R representative." A&R representatives are the staff at record labels that are responsible for scouting new artists and then (to some extent) helping develop those artists after a recording contract has been signed.

The phrase is left over from early in the music industry when the A&R position involved selecting both the musicians (artists) and the music (repertoire) for any given recording.

Advance - Money lent to an artist by a record label or publishing company when the artist enters into a contract with the company.

Typically, when a record label contract is signed, the label advances the artist(s) money to record an album, buy gear, tour, and support themselves. Although this advance can sometimes be very large - it is essentially just a loan to the artists that must be recouped before any profit is made.

Even in major label deals, the costs of album production and management rapidly consume the advance, often leaving the artist with little extra to spend. If album sales fail to earn back the money, the artist is often dropped from the label and forgotten. Fewer than 10% of signed artists recoup their advance and become financially successful.

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