|
|
Brief Introduction to
the Three Gorges Project Construction
By China Yangtze Three Gorges Project Development Corporation (CTGPC)
Three Gorges Project is the largest water conservancy project ever built in the world.
The dam site is situated in Sandouping of Yichang City, Hubei Province, about 38km
upstream from the existing Gezhouba Project. The project is composed of a dam, two
powerhouses and navigation facilities. The spillway section is placed in the center, while
the powerhouses are arranged on its both sides. The permanent navigation structures are
located on the left bank side. The dam is of a concrete gravity type. The total length of
the dam axis is about 2,309 meters, with the crest elevation at 185m. There are 14 sets of
hydro turbine generator units installed in the left powerhouse while 12sets in the right.
Thus, there are 26 sets of turbine generator units in total, 70OMW for each, totaling
18,200MW in installed capacity that will produce 84.7TW h of electricity output annually.
The dynamic cost of TGP is 203.90 billion RMB Yuan by rough estimate. The total duration
of construction will last 17 years, divided into three stages. The first stage
construction lasts 5 years from 1993 to 1997. The second stage construction lasts 6 years
from 1998 to 2003. The third stage construction lasts 6 years from 2003 to 2009. After the
project completed, the total storage capacity of the reservoir will be 39.3 billion m',
with the normal pool level at 175m. It will be the most important project functioning as a
backbone in flood control system to protect the areas in the middle and lower reaches of
Yangtze River With a 22.15 billion m' of flood control storage capacity of the reservoir,
the Jingjiang River Section will be able to raise its flood control capability from the
present 10-year frequency to the 100-year. And the 660km long waterway from Yichang to
Chongqing will obviously be improved, making it possible for 10,000 tons of barge fleet to
sail upstream directly to Chongqing.
 Exhibition
Hall of Three Gorges
China Yangtze Three Gorges Project Development Corporation (CTGPC) is an autonomous
economy entity, keeping separate accounting, assuming sole responsibility for its profits
and loses, with legal entity position, and is the owner of the project, responsible for
the overall construction of the project and its management of operation and maintenance
after the completion of the project, and also responsible for the financing and
reimbursement of investment including the fund for resettlement Gezhouba Power Plant is a
component part of CTGPC. The corporation is sincerely looking forward to cooperating with
all interested organizations and individuals from all over the world.
Dam Area The total construction area of dam site is 15.28 km. Its fundamental
establishment and enclosed management provide favorable conditions for TGP construction.
The dam area is planned to be a National forest Park, and will turn to be a worldwide
famous tourism scenic spot, where actual scenery and modern project are combined together.
Second Stage Construction On Nov. 8, 1997, the closure of Yangtze River¨s grand
channel has been achieved successfully. From then on, the second stage construction has
begun. The main objectives of the construction are as follows: Concrete pouring of the
spillway section, left powerhouse section and none overflow section will begin and reach
the elevation of 1854m; concrete placement is going on the upstream head of the shiplift,
and the permanent ship locks will be put into operation; The 2nd stage up-and
down-stream cofferdams will be removed and the impounding water of the reservoir will
begin and reach the pool level of 135 m, In Dec. 2002, the diversion channel will be
enclosed and the upstream 3rd stage RCC cofferdam is to be built in it before
flood season. According to the scheme, 17 million m of concrete will be poured, 180,000
tons metal structures will be installed, and 80 billion RMB Yuan will be invested during
the 2nd stage construction.
 Landscape of
Xiling Yangtze Bridge
Second Stage Transverse Cofferdams were built on both upstream and downstream so as to
form, together with the completed RCC longitudinal cofferdam, the 2nd stage
construction pit. The total length of the upstream cofferdam axis is about 1,400 m, with
crest elevation at 88.5m. While the length of the downstream cofferdam axis is about
1,075m, with crest elevation at 81.5m. Concrete was poured inside the cofferdams so as to
prevent water from infiltrating.
Spillway Section and Left Powerhouse Section concrete placement of the spillway section
and left powerhouse is the main construction work in 1999. 3.42 million-m concrete is
designed to be poured, and metal structures will be installed. Till the end of this year,
left powerhouse section will be 30m higher. In 2003, the first batch of generation units
will be put into operation.
 Exhibition
Hall
Permanent Shiplock is situated on the left bank. The main work quantities of the
shiplock consist of earth-rock excavation of 36.85 million m, concrete pouring of 3.57
million m, metal works erection of 41,700 tons. The shiplock is 1,607m long, schemed as a
double-lane and five-step flight locks, each lock chamber is dimensioned at 280x34x5m
(length width minimum water depth) capable of passing 10,000 tons of barge fleet. The
total length of underground water feed and empty system is about 7,000m. It takes over 2
and half hours for ships going through the permanent shiplock. By the end of this year,
all the excavation work for the lock chambers will be finished. Metal structures
installation of lock gates will start in 2000, complete in June, 2003. According to the
scheme, the permanent shiplock will be put into operation in July, 2003.
Temporary Shiplock was in use on May 1, 1998. It is the main navigation facility during
the 2nd stage construction, especially in flood season. The effective chamber
size is 240x24x4m (length x width x minimum water depth).
Shiplift works like an elevator. It is designed as a one stage vertical hoisting type
wit ha ship container sized 120 x 18 x 3.5m (length x width x minimum water depth),
capable of carrying one 3,000 tons passenger or cargo boats each time. The capacity of
annual one-was navigation is 3.5 million tons. It only takes 40 minutes for boats going
through. It is schemed to be put into operation by 2009.
 Exhibition
Hall
Equipment for concrete placements Of all the equipment used in the 2nd stage
concrete placements, 18 units are made in overseas while 12 ones are domestics. Seven
concrete mixing plants at different elevation can convey different kinds of concrete to 6
tower-belt conveyer system, 4 mobile belt conveyers, 8 gantry cranes, 1 tower crane, 2
cable cranes, 2 caterpillar cranes receptively. Among those, ROTEC tower-belt conveyer
system made in the United States is advanced and newly in structure. It is composed of
tower crane and belt-conveyer the conveying system can rotate with a radius of 80m to
fulfill the need of massive concrete works, extremely in high intensity.
 Temporary
shiplock
The Artificial aggregate systems can crush different size of granite into aggregate.
The aggregate systems in TGP dam site are located at Gushuling and Xia¨anxi. The
aggregate system in Gushuling and Xia¨anxi. The aggregate system in Gushuling is
situated between the permanent ship-lock and the temporary shiplock on the left bank, with
a coarse production capacity of 482600 m monthly. While Xia¨anxi aggregate system, the
biggest one in the world, is sited at Jigongling beside TGP Expressway, with a fine size
aggregate production capacity of 261000 m monthly.
Tanziling is the top point in TGP dam site at elevation 262.48 m, around which is
dressed up with embossments about mankind and water. On Tanziling, you can have a
bird¨s-eye view of the 15.28 km TGP dam area. After the completion of TGP Tanziling will
be a permanent sightseeing point.
TGP Expressway With the length of 28.60 km, TGP Expressway, which began to be built in
1994, and was opened in October 1996, cost 1 billion RMB Yuan. Along the Expressway there
are 34 bridges with 4 special long ones and 5double-line tunnels with a 3610m-long Muyucao
tunnel in single line which is the longest one in China¨s highway tunnels. Being called
the museum of bridges and tunnels, the Expressway, with bridges and tunnels come to 40%,
is the stem road in the communication of TGP.
 Exhibition
Hall
Xiling Yangtze Bridge, located 4.5 km downstream from TGP dam site, is the main road
between the left and the right banks. It was opened on August 10th, 1996. The
bridge is suspension type with the length of 1118.66m and the load capacity of 290 tons.
The single span of this bridge is 900m, and the crest elevation of the tower is 187.5m.
The width of the bridge is 18m with 4 lanes and two sidewalks on its both side. The
diameter of the two tight wires is 57 cm, and the tight wire is composed of 10010 pieces
of steel wire. The bridge is like a rainbow goes through the north and south banks of the
Yangtze River.
 Training
Center
The Three Gorges Dam Area Reception Center invested by CTGPC, is a modern hotel built
standardized after international star hotel. The 26-floor building accommodates 506
guestrooms including standard rooms, single rooms, executive suites, deluxe suites and
presidential suite. Each of the guestrooms is equipped with central controlled
air-condition, IDD system, mini-bar, refrigerator, cable TV to make your stay enjoyable.
The hotel has a Chinese restaurant, providing you with Sichuan and Guangdong dishes,
Western restaurant gives you a good taste of European cuisine, and "century"
dining hall is an integration of Chinese and western style. Bar provides you with a n
elegant environment and relaxing atmosphere. There are also Business Center, Shopping
Arcade, Bowling Rooms, Fitness Room, Billiard Room, Beauty Salon, Dancing Hall, and
Meeting Rooms and so on in the hotel.
The Training Center is a foundation for training and education of CTGPC; it has
apartment building, educating building and dining hall. Advanced acoustics, lamplight and
multimedia computer system has been equipped in the education building. There are modern
equipment and 6-way language simultaneous interpretation in the 260-people international
meeting hall. There are 7 classrooms in different sizes, 30-seat computer classroom and a
compute assistant design room, all of which can hold 560 people.
The Three Gorges Exhibition Hall was opened on October 1st, 1992, with a
proportion of 6600 m. According to special topics, the Exhibition Hall can be divided into
TGP construction, environment protection, resettlement, scientific and technological
development, power generation, painting and calligraphy, photography and so on. The
Exhibition Hall is arranged standardized after international exhibition, with film hall
and honored guest hall in it. There is a color-sprayed three gorges hold landscape in the
lobby, which is the biggest one in China with grandiose momentum.
 Exhibition
Hall
Relating topics:
Three Gorges
Project, Water Level and Scenic Spots Affected
Three Gorges Dam
Scheduled to Block Up in November 2002
Three Gorges Project (TGP)
Why China Builds the Big Dam
Report on Environmental Impact of the TGP
Gezhouba Dam
Some facts about the Gezhouban Dam
Three Travelers' Cave
Nanjin Pass
Yichang |
|
