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WTO analytical index: INDEX
Index

The following index covers the body text of this book but not the text of the WTO Agreements. Disputes have been indexed under the name of the WTO Member respondent in the dispute and under the subject matter.

   Index:  A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  Z

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I

Illustrative lists
investment measures
state trading enterprises
         kinds of relationships

Imminent serious injury
safeguard measures

Impairment
                  see Nullification or impairment

Impedance
subsidies and countervailing measures
         demonstration of displacement or impedance

Implementation guidelines
SPS measures

Import duties
                  see Duties

Import licensing
administration of import licences
allocation of licences, LIC 29, 30
annual questionnaire
application of trade rules
automatic import licensing
Committee on Import Licensing  meetings
         procedures for notification and review, LIC 17, 44
         rules of procedure
counter-notifications
cross-border imports
developing countries
         application of provisions to members
         financial and trade needs
economic development purposes
export performance
financial and trade needs
frequent changes to rules, LIC 16, 23
interpretation of rules
interpreting scope of the agreement
investment measures
legal implications
newcomer provisions
notification procedures
         adoption of procedures, LIC 17, 36
         counter-notifications
         duplicate or overlapping notifications
         interpretation and application of requirements
         procedures for notification
         procedures for review of notifications
         report to Council for Trade in Goods
         tariff quotas
over-quota trade
principle of effective treaty interpretation
quantitative restrictions
         elimination of quantitative restrictions
questionnaires
         annual questionnaire
quotas
         GATT and the Licensing Agreement
         notification requirements
         over-quota trade, LIC 1, 3
         tariff quota procedures
relationship with GATT provisions
review
         adoption of review procedures
         procedures for notification and
rules for licensing
rules per se and their administration
speculation in licences, LIC 28, 32
tariff quotas
         GATT and the Licensing Agreement
         notification requirements
         over-quota trade
         procedures
Tokyo Round
trade distortion
Uruguay Round

Import prohibitions
SPS measures

Import regimes
most-favoured-nation treatment
         consistency with GATT provisions
         products originating in or destined for another country

Import restrictions
textiles and clothing
         particular product being imported

Improvements in access
textiles and clothing
         notifications

Increased imports
safeguard measures
         additional increased imports
         “changes” in the level of sales
         conditions for application of a safeguard measure
         decline in volume of imports
         factors other than increased imports
         interested parties
         nature and timing of the increase in imports
         one-year change in base year of data
         quantitative and qualitative increase
         quantities being imported
         “rate and amount” of increase
         sole cause of serious injury
         sudden and sharp increase
         threat of serious injury
         under such conditions

Indemnification
intellectual property rights
         defendants

India
patents
         consultations
         covered agreements
         customary rules of interpretation of international law
         distinction between “claims” and “arguments”
         due process
         exclusive marketing rights
         interpretation and application of the TRIPS Agreement
         legitimate expectations
         obligations under the TRIPS Agreement
         summary of the legal basis of the complaint
         terms of reference as a panel's scope of jurisdiction
quantitative restrictions
         balance-of-payments justifications
         burden of proof
         covered agreements
         elimination of quantitative restrictions
         factual findings vs. legal findings
         governmental assistance to economic development
         jurisdiction of panels
         licensing requirements
         restrictions to safeguard balance-of-payments
         right to seek information
         WTO Agreement

Indonesia
autos
         analysis on whether a measure is trade-related
         consistency of subsidies
         determination of injury
         effect of subsidies
         hypothetical like products
         illustrative list
         interpretation and application of Article 3
         legislative provisions
         lex specialis issue
         like products
         local content requirements
         obligations under the TRIPS Agreement
         order of examination
         payment of subsidies to domestic producers
         standing as claimant
         surveillance of implementation of rulings
         tax and tariff benefits as “advantages”
         tax differences
         trademarks
         undercutting of price
         violation of the TRIMs Agreement

Industrial designs
intellectual property rights
patents

Information
anti-dumping
         accuracy of information
         best information available
         disclosure of information before final determination
         failure to allow interested parties access to information
         failure to inform of changes in information
         relevance of fact that information was made available
         timely opportunity to see information
Committee on Anti-Dumping Practices

         guidelines for minimum information to be provided
dispute settlement
         right to seek information, DSU 206, 211
subsidies and countervailing measures
         treatment of data provided by private entities

Information technology
Ministerial Declaration on Trade in Information Technology Products
schedules of concessions

Infrastructure Agreement
World Trade Organization

Injunctions
intellectual property rights
         enforcement of property rights

Injury
Anti-dumping
determination of injury
         duration and review of duties and price undertakings
         evidence of injury
         sufficient evidence for injury
“current” serious injury
dumping
                  see Anti-dumping
emergency action on imports of particular products
         “as to cause or threaten serious injury”
safeguard measures
         absence of claim
subsidies and countervailing measures
         “characteristics closely resembling”
         determination of injury

difference between product assembled and unassembled

         like product analysis
         special market niches

Inspection procedures
preshipment inspection
                  see Preshipment inspection
SPS measures
Working Party on Preshipment Inspection

Instruments
SPS measures
         publication requirements

Intellectual property rights
acquisition or maintenance of protection
         notification requirements
acts occurring before the date of the TRIPS Agreement
alcoholic beverages,
animals
application of the TRIPS Agreement
Berne Convention
          relationship of TRIPS with the Berne Convention
biological organisms
conflict with normal exploitation of work
conventions
          interpretation and application of provisions
copyright and related rights

availability, scope and use of intellectual property rights

          “certain special cases”
          “do not unreasonable prejudice legitimate interests”
          legitimate public policy
          limitations and exceptions
          minor exceptions doctrine
          normal exploitation of work
          reasonableness of prejudice to right holder
          relation to the Berne Convention
Council for Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
criminal procedure
          interpretation and application of provision
damages
          enforcement of property rights
defendants
          indemnification of defendants
developing countries
          least-developed countries
dispute settlement
          consultations
          invocation of TRIPS Agreement
enforcement of intellectual property rights
          civil and administrative procedures and remedies
          damages
          evidence
          fair and equitable procedures
          general obligations
          indemnification of the defendant
          injunctions
          miscellaneous remedies
          right of information
equity
          enforcement of obligations
evidence
          enforcement of obligations
financial cooperation
general obligations
          enforcement of rights
geographical indications
implementation

“free to determine the appropriate method of implementing”

indemnification
          defendants
industrial designs
injunctions
          enforcement of property rights
international cooperation
          notification requirements
international negotiations
interpretation of the TRIPS Agreement
inventions
least-developed countries
marketing rights
          exclusive marketing rights
most-favoured-nation treatment
          notification requirements
multilateral agreements
          notification requirements
national treatment
          notification requirements
          “treatment no less favourable”
nature of obligations under the TRIPS Agreement
negotiations
          international negotiations
notification procedures
          enforcement of provisions
          international cooperation
          most-favoured-nation treatment
          multilateral agreements
          national treatment
objectives
          relationship with other provisions
patents
plants
principles
          relationship with other provisions
protection of existing subject matter
remedies
          enforcement of obligations
right of information
          enforcement of property rights
scope of obligations under the TRIPS Agreement
subject matter existing at the date of application of the TRIPS Agreement
technical cooperation
term of protection
trademarks
          exceptions to rights conferred
          interpretation and application of provisions
          rights conferred
transitional arrangements
          additional five year period
          changes do not result in a lesser
degree of consistency
          generally
transparency
“treatment no less favourable”
wines and spirits
World Intellectual Property Organization

Intent
internal taxation and regulation
          relevance of intent of legislators or regulators

Interest charges
customs valuation

treatment of interest charges in the customs value of imported goods

Interests
copyright and related rights
          legitimate interests

Internal taxation and regulation
action of private parties
aims and effects
          like products
          relevance of policy purpose
burden of proof
          allocation of burden of proof
          complainants' burden of proof in showing likeness, GATT 125, 162
charges
          internal charge of any kind
competition
          directly competitive or substitutable products, GATT 164, 168
          equality of competitive opportunities

factors relevant to “directly competitive or substitutable”

          like products
          methodology of comparison

“more favourable treatment of some imported products”

          relevance of market competition
          “treatment no less favourable”
competition law
          comparison with competition law
differences among sellers of goods
          relevance
directly competitive products
          relationship with like products
domestic industry
          payment of subsidies to domestic producers
          “so as to afford protection to domestic production”

“treatment accorded to similarly situated domestic parties”

GATS
grouping of products
          methodology of comparison
individual import transactions
“in excess of those taxes applied”
intent
          relevance of intent of legislators or regulators
judicial economy
laws, regulations, or requirements
          differences from measures
legislation
          relevance of intent of legislators
like products
          aims and effects
          burden of proof of complainants
          domestic products
          grouping of products
          hypothetical like products
          products in a competitive relationship
          reference to GATT practice
          relationship with like products
          relevance of tariff classifications and bindings
          relevant factors for determining likeness
markets
          “directly competitive or substitutable”
          relevance of market competition
          relevance of market situation in other countries
measures imposed at time or point of importation
measures in dispute
          action of private parties
          laws, regulations, or requirements
          non-mandatory measures
methodology of comparison

formal differences between imported and domestic products

          grouping of products
          individual import transactions
          treatment of dissimilar taxation
monopolies
          reference to GATT practice
          state trading monopolies
national treatment on internal taxation and regulation
“not similarly taxed”
          de minimis standard
          distinction from “so as to afford protection”
          legislation
          “so as to afford protection to domestic production”
          tariffs on subject products
          treatment of dissimilar taxation
parties
          actions of private parties
policy purpose
          relevancy
protectionism
          avoidance of protectionism in the application of internal measures
          tariff commitments
reference to GATT practice
          aims and effects
          generally
          scope of application
regulatory objectives
          applied directly or indirectly to like products
          relevance
relationship with other articles
relationship with other agreements
          SCM Agreement
          SPS Agreement
          TBT Agreement
          TRIMs Agreement
sellers of goods
          relevance of differences between sellers
state trading monopolies
subsidies and countervailing measures

payment of subsidies exclusively to domestic producers

tariffs
          relevance of tariff classifications and bindings
          “so as to afford protection to domestic production”
tax differentials
          relevance of differentials
          relevance of duration

trade effects
          reference to GATT practice
          relevance of trade effects

Internal trade
customs unions
          aspects of internal trade

International Bovine Meat Agreement
adoption
amendments
final provisions
information and market monitoring
objectives
termination of the agreement

International cooperation
intellectual property rights
          notification requirements

International Dairy Agreement
adoption
amendments
application of decisions and procedures
GATT
          establishment of the International Dairy Council
reviews
          functioning of the agreement
WTO Agreement
          deletion of the Dairy Agreement from the WTO Agreement

International Dairy Council
establishment
information on transactions
meetings
notification procedures
          information and market monitoring
          minimum prices
plurilateral trade agreements
reports
          status reports to be distributed by the Secretariat
rules of procedure, ID 3, 9
Secretariat
          inventory of measures to be kept by the Secretariat
          status reports to be distributed by the Secretariat

International law
customary rules of interpretation
nullification or impairment
          principles of international law

International Law Commission
dispute settlement
          commentaries on state responsibility

International Meat Council
administration
functions of the council
notification procedures
plurilateral trade agreements
policy formulation
rules of procedure, IBM 2, 4
statistics
          information requirements

International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Agreement between IMF and the WTO
          governmental assistance to economic development
          information supplied by the IMF
World Trade Organization
          achieving greater coherence in global policy-making
          agreement between the IMF and the WTO
          cooperation with the IMF
          relations with other organizations
WTO agreement with the IMF

International Office of Epizootics
standards developed by the office

International Plant Protection Convention
adoption of international standards

International Telecommunications Union (ITU)
agreement with the WTO, GATS 93, WTO 144

Internet
work programmes

communication of work programmes of standardizing bodies

Interpretation of treaty terms
anomalies
Vienna Convention

Interpretations
exclusive authority to adopt interpretations
requests for authoritative interpretations

Intervening trends
safeguard measures

Inventions
patents, TRIPS 60, 123

Inventories
dairy products
          inventory of measures to be kept by the Secretariat

Investigations
anti-dumping
          absence of sufficient evidence
          “before proceeding to initiate”
          “cases”
          content of notification
          de minimis test
          establishing the facts
          evidence necessary to initiate investigation
          evidence of causal link
          evidence of dumping, AD 111, 125
          evidence of injury, AD 113, 127
          harmless error

initiation of investigations before entry into force of WTO Agreement

          initiation of investigations generally
          notifying the government
          oral notification
          rejection of application to initiate
          relationship between provisions
          “same time” requirement
          simple assertion, unsubstantiated by relevant evidence
          standard of review
          sufficiency of evidence to initiate investigation
          targeted dumping
safeguard measures
          application of measures
          confidential information
          evaluating relevant factors
          notice of different steps in investigations
          open-ended and unlimited duty to investigate
          parallelism
          role of interested parties
subsidies and countervailing measures
          generally

initiation of investigations before entry into force of WTO Agreement

Investment measures
                    see Trade-related investment measures

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