The mountain howitzer was the smallest cannon used during the civil war and saw extensive action on both sides, especially in the western theaters. It shot the same ammunition (12lb) as the 1500lb Napoleon and regular 850lb Field Howitzer cannon. It became the favorite piece of artillery for the cavalry because it's size afforded it to keep up with a fast moving force and still pack a punch. The mountain howitzer became the ideal cannon to be detached from an artillery battery and rushed to a position to stop a flanking movement or a breakthrough of the main line. It also proved valuable in supporting a battery's position against an attack while the larger cannon engaged in counter-battery fire.
Maximum range was 900 yards though most shots took place between 200-500yds. A favorite ammunition was the canister round which because of it's size acted like a sawed of shotgun when fired, scattering the .69 caliber lead balls in a deadly cloud. Exploding case and shell shot were also used to great effect.
The mountain howitzer came on a variety of field carriages throughout the war. One being the pack carriage, which could be broken down and hauled on horses or mules over rough terrain. The other was the prairie carriage which gave way to a lot of hybrids including a 3/4 scale number one field carriage that was used on the majority of the other larger artillery field pieces. |