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THE MAHABHARATA Sometimes called
the Barata-yuddha. Critics have called this ancient Indian poem a history
because of its naturalistic descriptions. But it is also the finest, most
comprehensive Indian epic, containing fragments on Hindu meditation, as
well as representing the quintessence of all philosophies among all the
Sanskrit books. This epic poem is about a civil war in the legendary state
of Bharat in India which took place over 2500 years ago. The half-real,
half-divine god-populated magical world of this great Hindu story has
awakened the same awe in Indonesians as the legends and literature of
ancient Rome and Greece awoke in Renaissance man. A truly monumental work
(90,000 stanzas), it's the longest single poem in world literature. No
translations of this 20 volume epic (of 1000 pages each volume) is as
yet correct or comprehensive enough. Pundits differ on every sloka (stanza).
There has been only one authoritative commentary of the giant work: Bharat
Bhau Deep, written in Sanskrit by Neelkanthji Maharaj, out of print since
1933. the Indonesian version: Using the original Indian story as the prototype,
the Mahabharata was composed on Java in the 10th and 12th Centuries by
the order of kings. For at least 1000 years in Indonesia, the struggle
between the Pandavas and the Korawas has served as an abundant source
of mythology and inspiration for the arts and literature. Used as the
central theme of wayang dramas, the story has been continuously re-worked,
adapted and expanded to suit the needs of specific regional tastes. On
Java and Bali it is performed as a shadow play and classical dance. In
West Java, in wayang golek. Most Indonesian court poems were translated
from the most popular episodes of this voluminous work. Ardjuna and Bima
are the favorite heroes. Ardjuna, for his ability to charm and conquer
women and for his superior power in combat, and the giant Bima (God of
Wind) for his fearlessness and physical might. The enemy Korawas are always
shown with monsterous shapes. Often the various heroes have different
namqs according to the state in their lives, their activity, the name
of the kingdom or tribe, father's name, etc., which makes it confusing
to follow each character. From Java the poem has penetrated into the literature
of the outer Indonesian islands as well. |
Mahendradatta Balinization Supernaturally Singosari America institutions Administrative Company Intervention Netherlands Cosmopolitan Technology Bankrupt Cultivated Orientation Springs Cabbage Moderating Introduced Trees Lontar Wallace Animals Rama Pandavas Carvings Ardjuna Laksmana Wiwaha Allegorical |
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we must point out a very important distinction which the Balinese make between
two clearly separate groups of ancestors. The first of these groups consists
of the dead who are riot yet completely purified. This group is in turn subdivided
in pirata, those riot yet cremated, and pitara, those already cremated. The
former are still completely impure; the latter have been purified, but are still
considered as distinct, individual souls. The second group consists of the completely
purified ancestors who are considered as divine. Everything Bali Indonesia |
