| Daily mean, maximum and
minimum Central England Temperatures (CET) |
| Annual England and
Wales Precipitation (EWP) |
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| North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) |
Strength of North Atlantic
winter westerlies
|
The North Atlantic Oscillation
(NAO) is a phenomenon associated with winter fluctuations
in temperatures, rainfall and storminess over much of Europe.
When the NAO is 'positive', westerly winds are stronger or
more persistent, northern Europe tends to be warmer and wetter
than average and southern Europe colder and drier. When the
NAO is 'negative', westerly winds are weaker or less persistent,
northern Europe is colder and drier and southern Europe warmer
and wetter than average. One of the simplest definitions of
the NAO is that it is the winter difference in pressure at
sea-level between the Azores and Iceland. Data are available
from climat@metoffice.gov.uk. |
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| Annual global and
hemispheric near-surface temperatures |
Northern Hemisphere
average near-surface
temperatures
|
The global and hemispheric
near-surface temperatures are best described as the
differences from the average values from 1961-90. They are
calculated from regular measurements of air temperature
at land stations and from sea-surface temperatures measured
from ships and buoys.
The final value for an incomplete year is a preliminary
value. Please note that until June the final value is not
representative of the year as a whole. This is due to higher
variability in the northern hemisphere during the winter
period and the frequently different behaviour of later parts
of the year. Data are available from climat@metoffice.gov.uk.
|
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| Annual global near-surface
temperatures |
Global average
near-suface temperatures
|
The global near-surface temperatures can also be given
as the differences from the average values at the beginning
of the 20th century.
The final value for an incomplete year is a preliminary
value. Please note that until June the final value is not
representative of the year as a whole. This is due to higher
variability in the northern hemisphere during the winter
period and the frequently different behaviour of later parts
of the year. Data are available from climat@metoffice.gov.uk.
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| Sea and Land Surface Temperature
charts |
Monthly Niño 3 region
average SST
|
Monthly average SSTs relative to 1961-90 normals.
Warm El Niño events in the eastern equatorial Pacific
Ocean in 1982-83, 1987, and 1997-98 coincided with global
warmth, but El Niño events are often followed by cooler
La Niña events as in 1985, 1988 and 1998-99. SSTs have
been extracted from an area between 150° W and 90°
W, 5° N and 5° S. Data are available from climat@metoffice.gov.uk. |
HadCRUT3 anomalies
|
Regions of the Earth's surface experiencing
warmer or cooler than normal conditions can be easily identified
from surface temperature charts. These monthly charts are
produced using in situ observations of sea surface temperature
measured from ships and buoys and air temperature data gathered
at a global network of land stations. Data are available from
climat@metoffice.gov.uk. |
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| Tropospheric and stratospheric temperatures
|
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| Quarterly Climate Monitoring Reports |
Climate monitoring reports will be available soon. Data are available
from climat@metoffice.gov.uk.
Any queries concerning the information on this page should be
directed to climate enquiries.
For all other Met Office Hadley Centre enquiries, please refer
to our contact us
page for more information.
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