Commercial Science info, Academic Science Versus Commercial Science,The Commercial Sciense Course, and The Business of Biotechnology .

Tangent Worlds: Academic Science Versus Commercial Science

Every science student learns that a practice called the scientific method ensures that science is conducted with complete objectivity and a universally consistent way of interpreting data. With this inherent impartiality and collective ideology it is assumed that the method is being practiced and applied no matter where science is conducted. Conversely, contemporary science is split between two coexisting yet disparate worlds: the world of academic science and the world of commercial science. The goal of commercial science is profitable product. Both follow the scientific method. However, academic science is conducted for the sake of knowledge while commercial science is done for marketable products. Although they both work within the same principles, they follow different sets of rules.

Though industry does not hold the same value systems as academia, science is still enjoyable in both settings. But its pursuit in industry is restricted to short-term advances that could be turned into profitable commercial goods. A new set of skills had to be learned. At the same time, much of the ideology of graduate school had to be abandoned.

Changing perspectives in academic science

Academic science evolved in an environment fostering boundless creativity and unimpeded exploration. Commercial science grew up in a world of entrepreneurship. The principles for each work very well within their respective environments. However, many universities are desperately grasping the industrial model of conducting science:

• Biochemistry, genetics, synthetic chemistry and thermodynamics are now driving big profits in industry.
• Biotechnology in particular has proven itself a lucrative commercial endeavor. New discoveries can lead to highly marketable commodities. Some examples include polymerase chain reaction (PCR), herbicide-resistant genetically modified crops, and bioremediation.

A number of academic researchers are learning the values of industry to protect and secure full ownership of their ideas for pending pecuniary gain. Tight research funding and the burgeoning cost of doing science may drive more researchers to seek financial benefits from their work. The chance for high profits from scientific endeavors has also caused an unprecedented growth in industrial science jobs.

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Preparing students for science careers

Anyone involved in laboratory science education, from middle school up to comprehensive universities, must recognize the current magnitude of commercial science. Graduate programs in particular must be sensitive to the growth of science-based industries. Graduate students must be given the added value of skills that prepare them for commercial science ventures. An international study conducted in the United Kingdom stresses the importance of preparing graduate students for corporate careers in many fields.

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The Commercial Sciense Course

Through establishing studies on all manners of related subjects centered on marketing, advertising, distribution system, sales management, along with generally researching industrial activity, theoretically understanding the essence of commercial science, business/accounting, marketing, product development, and production/sales management, students can gain practical ability in industrial activities.

The curriculum is fundamental knowledge of bookkeeping and practical business as well as computer management. From the third year on, it includes specialty studies through the aforementioned four fields of study. These fields of study which may be independent of major studies or interests are carried out in general commercial science research (Commercial Sciences), established subjects relating to general practical business management (Business Economics), acquiring practical ability in accounting (Accounting), and gaining a wide variety of knowledge relating to economics (Economics). Inclusively, various curriculum to support this are also made available.

Furthermore, in order for internationalization and intelligence in industrial activity to correspond, initially, active industry specialists are called upon as instructors, computer-related subjects are abundantly established, and finally practically adapted theory and skills are acquired. Also, themes that are common worldwide such as volunteer and social service activities, cultural support/aid activities, etc., are taught. The role to be accomplished socially by industry is considered with a worldwide point of view.

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Commercial Science education

The history of business education in Korea can be traced back to 1917 and the founding of Yonhee University. Yonhee was established with an educational mission based on Christian principles of Truth and Freedom. An exemplary institution of higher education that excelled in the field of management, Yonhee University, since turned Yonsei University, was proud of its history as the oldest, most distinguished university in Korea. In 1946, a year after emancipation from Japan, Yonhee became a comprehensive institution of higher education, establishing the study of economics within the Department of Commercial Science.

In 1950, school regulations were revised, and the Commercial Science Department was renamed the College of Business and Economics. Another expansion of the Commercial Science program followed in 1958, when the Department of Management was installed in the College of Business and Economics. In 1959, the Yonsei Business Research Institute was established as an addition to the College of Business and Economics, and in 1965, the Graduate School of Business Administration was founded to give business leaders the opportunity to immerse themselves in, and master, recent theories of business. A program in the practical application of statistics was added in 1967, and in 1968 the Commercial Science Department was incorporated into the Department of Business Administration. Yonsei Business Research Institute later was divided into two research centers, one for the study of economics and one for the study of business administration.

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Commercial Science ——The Business of Biotechnology

The 'biotechnology company' is a company that is set up specifically to turn the science of biotechnology into a commercial product and sell the result. It is the science base of the company that is defining. In the next section we will discuss what it takes to take a biotechnology company from that initial scientific idea to a flourishing commercial enterprise.

Attitudes and culture

This 'jump-in-feet-first' approach from academia requires a major culture change. Academic science focuses on the subject, commercial science on the object. Academics typically address a topic or discipline, and follow it wherever it goes. It is the process of research that is important. Commercial science addresses a specific problem, and uses any tools or disciplines that are appropriate. It is the product that is king.

Some academics believe that these differences make science, in a commercial context, less attractive to the scientist. This old-fashioned view is now not very widely held because commercial science, and especially commercial science in a small company, can be an extraordinary place to do science for several reasons:

• the environment is intellectually stimulating, with hard problems to solve and many different disciplines being brought to bear to solve them;
• problems change fast;
• money is not usually a limit in developing excellent science, and state-of-the-art equipment and materials are in plentiful supply;
• there is a real opportunity for career development into any or all of the areas of science, technology or business the company is involved with;
• there is the chance of making substantial financial gains from your inventiveness (although not usually a large salary in the short term in a small company).

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