about pharmacy, aspirin, erythromycin, penicillin, calcium, vitamin, zinc, antibiotics, aloe etc, resource for you.

health about pharmacy

Pharmacy

practice of compounding and dispensing drugs and providing drug-related information to consumers; also the place where such medicinal products are prepared. Pharmacy is an area of materia medica, that branch of medical science concerning the sources, nature, properties, and preparation of drugs. Pharmacists share with the chemical and medical profession responsibility for discovering new drugs and synthesizing organic compounds of therapeutic value. In addition, the community pharmacist, or druggist, is increasingly called upon to give advice in matters of health and hygiene.

Aspirin

Have you ever had a headache? And chances are you took some kind of medicine to ease your headache. That medicine was most likely a relative of saspirin. You may also have taken aspirin or its relatives for other problems, like inflammation (swelling of joints or other parts of the body) or fever. But did you know that about 80 billion aspirin tablets are taken per year for these problems, as well as many others?

Aspirin is a member of a family of chemicals called salicylates (see below for chemistry and structure).?These chemicals have been known to people interested in medicine for centuries.

This chemical can be converted (changed) by the body after it is eaten to another chemical, salicylic acid. And close relatives were used at high doses to treat pain and swelling in diseases like arthritis and to treat fever in illnesses like influenza (flu).

Aspirin, one of the first drugs to come into common usage, is still the mostly widely used in the world - approximately 35,000 metric tonnes are produced and consumed annually, enough to make over 100 billion standard aspirin tablets every year.Find out how aspirin is made in “The Chemistry of Aspirin”

Aspirin in an ingredient in a large number of propriety analgesic and cold/flu preparations. Doctors now also often prescribe it as a valuable medicine to prevent heart attacks and it is under investigation in a number of other medical conditions such as cancer and diabetes.

Aspirin – the drug widely used to deal with hangover headaches and many other minor illnesses – was developed in Germany by a chemical process described by research chemist Felix Hoffman on October 10, 1897. Decades later it is still the most versatile and effective medicine on the pharmacist’s shelf. But as doctors are now increasingly recognising, the drug does not just relieve aches and pains, it can also prevent a wide range of serious, life threatening conditions.

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Penicillin

The antagonistic effect of penicillin on bacteria was first observed by the Scottish biologist Sir Alexander Fleming in 1928. Although he recognized the therapeutic potential of penicillin, it was not until 1941 that a group of biologists working in England, including Sir H. W. Florey and E. B. Chain , purified the substance and established its effectiveness against infectious organisms and its lack of toxicity to humans.

Use of penicillin is limited by the fact that, although it causes fewer side effects than many other antibiotics, it causes allergic sensitivity in many individuals, including skin reactions and allergic shock. In addition, many microorganisms have developed resistance to the penicillins, and serious hospital epidemics involving infants and surgical patients have been caused by penicillin-resistant staphylococci (see drug resistance ).

Some organisms are resistant because they produce an enzyme, penicillinase, that destroys the antibiotic. Synthetically produced penicillins such as methicillin and oxacillin have been developed that are not degraded by the penicillinase enzyme, but these new penicillins have no effect on bacteria that have developed resistance by other means, e.g., by altered cell wall structure. Other antibiotics, such as erythromycin , have become important in treating infections by microorganisms resistant to penicillin.

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Calcium For Life

Calcium is not just for kids! We all know that babies and children need calcium for strong, healthy bones and teeth. But did you know that our need for calcium begins at birth, and continues throughout our entire lives? Unfortunately most Americans do not get the recommended amount of calcium from their daily diets.

The best way to achieve the proper daily amount of calcium is through your diet. All dairy products including milk (non-fat dry, low-fat, skim, or whole), yogurt, cheeses, ice cream and ice milk, and tofu.

Pregnancy is a time when proper calcium intake is of particular importance. The growing fetus depends on its mother to provide a daily supply of adequate nutrients including calcium for healthy growth and development. This does not mean that you should overload on vitamins and minerals such as calcium since too much may be harmful to the mother and/or the developing baby.

Calcium is an important nutrient for women and men of all ages for the prevention of osteoporosis in later life. However, older adults may need to take extra amounts of calcium because some older adults do not absorb calcium as well as younger people.

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vitamin C

Vitamins (VYE-ta-mins) are compounds that you must have for growth and health. They are needed in small amounts only and are usually available in the foods that you eat. Ascorbic (a-SKOR-bik) acid, also known as vitamin C, is necessary for wound healing. It is needed for many functions in the body, including helping the body use carbohydrates, fats, and protein. Vitamin C also strengthens blood vessel walls.

Lack of vitamin C can lead to a condition called scurvy, which causes muscle weakness, swollen and bleeding gums, loss of teeth, and bleeding under the skin, as well as tiredness and depression. Wounds also do not heal easily.

Some conditions may increase your need for vitamin C. These include:

• Alcoholism
• Cancer
• Diarrhea (prolonged)
• Fever (prolonged)
• Intestinal diseases
• Overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism)
• Tuberculosis
• Stress (continuing)
• etc...

Claims that vitamin C is effective for preventing senility and the common cold, and for treating asthma, some mental problems, cancer, hardening of the arteries, allergies, eye ulcers, blood clots, gum disease, and pressure sores have not been proven. Although vitamin C is being used to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and certain types of cancer, there is not enough information to show that these uses are effective.

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Vitamin

Vitamins are organic molecules that are necessary for normal metabolism in animals, but either are not synthesized in the body or are synthesized in inadequate quantities. Consequently, vitamins must be obtained from the diet. Most vitamins function as coenzymes or cofactors. Deficiency states are recognized for all vitamins, and in many cases, excessive intake also leads to disease.

Vitamins were originally classified according to their solubility in water or fats, and as more and more were discovered they were also classified alphabetically. The fat-soluble vitamins are A, D, E, and K; the B complex and C vitamins are water soluble. A group of substances that decrease blood capillary fragility, called the vitamin P group, are no longer considered to be vitamins.

Water Soluble Vitamins

==Thiamin (B1) | B1 Deficiency and Disease
=Riboflavin (B2) | B2 Deficiency and Disease
=Niacin (B3) | B3 Deficiency and Disease
=Pantothenic Acid (B5)
=Pyridoxal, Pyridoxamine, Pyridoxine (B6)
=Biotin
=Cobalamin (B12) | B12 Deficiency and Disease
=Folic Acid
=Folate Deficiency and Disease
=Ascorbic Acid Fat Soluble Vitamins

Fat Soluble Vitamins

=Vitamin A
Gene Control by Vitamin A
Role of Vitamin A in Vision
Additional Roles of Vitamin A
Clinical Significances of Vitamin A
=Vitamin D | Clinical Significances of Vitamin D
=Vitamin E | Clinical Significances of Vitamin E
=Vitamin K | Clinical Significance of Vitamin K

Calcium

Many foods contain high amounts of calcium. It is important that you also get enough vitamin D and phosphorus along with calcium to help your body absorb the calcium.

Food | Serving size | Calcium (mg) per serving
Sardines in oil | 3 oz | 370
Milk (whole, 2%, 1%, and skim) | 1 cup | 290–300
Swiss cheese | 1 oz | 250–270
Yogurt | 1 cup | 240–400
Canned salmon (with bones) | 3 oz | 170–210
Broccoli | 1 cup | 160–180
Turnip greens | ½ cup cooked | 100–125
Ice cream| ½ cup | 90–100
Cottage cheese | ½ cup | 80–100
Egg | 1 | 55

Why do kids need calcium?

Bones are half protein and half mineral. The main protein is collagen, which is also found in cartilage. Feel the tip of your nose or your ear: they are made of flexible cartilage. That is what the bones would be like without any mineral. The major minerals are calcium and phosphate. If growing pre-teens and teenagers do not get enough calcium, the bones will not be as strong as they could be. Weak bones break more easily.

Iron

Iron deficiency
Iron is needed to make blood, and lack of iron leads to having too few red blood cells, a condition called anemia. The body can also lose iron through heavy menstruation, bleeding injuries, and other causes of blood loss.

zinc

The mineral zinc is present in every part of the body and has a wide range of functions. It helps with the healing of wounds and is a vital component of many enzyme reactions. Zinc is vital for the healthy working of many of the body's systems. It is particularly important for healthy skin and is essential for a healthy immune system and resistance to infection.

Good sources for vegetarians include dairy products, beans and lentils, yeast, nuts, seeds and wholegrain cereals. Pumpkin seeds provide one of the most concentrated vegetarian food sources of zinc.

Zinc is an essential trace mineral. Every cell in the body needs this nutrient and hundreds of body processes rely on it, from the immune system and the enzymes that produce DNA to the senses of taste and smell. Although the body does not produce zinc on its own, this mineral is readily available in drinking water and certain foods. Even so, a surprising number of adults fail to get enough of this mineral through their diet. Better food choices and a good multivitamin and mineral supplement can help compensate for such mild deficiencies.

There's now evidence that supplements may also be useful in providing the extra zinc needed to fight cold and flu symptoms. In addition, zinc has shown promise for speeding the healing of canker sores and sore throat, promoting recovery from skin injuries, reducing tinnitus (ringing in the ears), and controlling acne and eye problems.

It is also important in prostate gland function and in the growth of reproductive organs. Zinc may also help prevent acne and regulate oil gland activity. It is required for protein synthesis and collagen formation, and promotes a health immune system along with the healing of wounds. It protects the liver and is vital for bone formation, and also promotes acuity of test and smell.

It is a part of insulin and many vital enzymes, including the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase. It helps to fight and prevent formation of free radicals in other ways as well.

Sufficient intake and absorption of zinc is needed to maintain proper concentration of vitamin E in the blood. In addition, zinc increases the utilization of vitamin A. Zinc’s main antioxidant function is the prevention of fat oxidation.

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Flower Essence

What is a Flower Essence?

Flower essences are non-aromatic vibrational tinctures made from the blossoms of flowering plants. Each plant, (the flower being the most potent part of the plant) has unique and individual healing properties. In the making of a flower essence the healing properties of the plant are transferred to water by a process of sunlight infusion. The resulting "essence" can then be ingested, rubbed on the skin or sprayed in the atmosphere around the animal being treated.

Each has its own scent and unique affirmation.
Each crystal is charged with Reiki energy.
Candles are approximately 7"tall. Circumference is 5".

PSP Problem Solving--Brown
Ingredients: Rosemary, Honey, Honeysuckle
Use to discover a new path and gain knowledge about a problem.
Use in combination with Abundance candle when starting a new business or to bless a new home.

ABP Abundance--Lime Green
Ingredients: Clove, Citronella, Lemon Balm, Cinnamon, Nutmeg
Use to attract prosperity, increase success and obtain material possessions.
Use in combination with Problem Solving candle when starting new business.

Aloe

Aloe Vera, often called the Miracle Plant, the Natural Healer, the Burns Plant, goes by many names which have survived the 4000 or so years during which this amazing medicinal herb has benefited mankind.

George Ebers in 1862 first discovered its antiquity in an ancient Egyptian papyrus, dated 3500 BC, which was in fact a collection of herbal remedies. Other researchers have since found it was used by both the ancient Chinese and Indian cultures. Greek and Roman physicians such as Dioscorides and Pliny the Elder used it to great effect and legend suggests that Aristotle persuaded Alexander the Great to capture the island of Socotra in the Indian Ocean to get its rich supply of aloe to heal his wounded soldiers. The Egyptian queen Neferetiti and Cleopatra rated it highly as a beauty therapy.

To benefit from Aloe Vera, the gel can be taken internally for its nutritional effect or it can be combined with other ingredients to produce topical creams and lotions to nourish and improve the quality of the skin.

Inside the leaf Aloe Vera gel contains at least 75 known ingredients which can be divided into the following groups:

* Vitamins
It contains a wide range, but the most important ones are the antioxidant Vitamins C and E and Beta-Carotene, the precursor to vitamin A. It is also one of the few plants in the world to contain Vitamin B12.

* Minerals
These include magnesioum, manganese, zinc, copper, chromium, calcium, sodium, potassium and iron.

* Amino Acids
The human body requires 22 amino acids, the building blocks of proteins and Aloe Vera provides 20 of them. More importantly, it provides seven of the eight essential amino acids, that cannot be manufactured by the body and which therefore have to be consumed as food.

* Sugars
These include the important long chain polysaccharides which act on the immune system to boost its effects.

* Enzymes
Lipases and proteases which break down food and aid digestion as well as ascarboxypepitdase that is involved in the inflamatory process.

* Plant Sterols
The three main types act as powerful anti-inflamatory agents.

* Saponins
These are soapy substances that exert a powerful anti-microbial effect against bacteria, viruses, fungi and yeasts such as candida or 'thrush'.

* Lignin
This woody substance bestows on Aloe Vera its penetrative ability to reach deep into the skin.

* Anthraquinones
The most important ones being aloin and emodin, but altogether they are strong painkillers, and are acknowledged to possess anti-bacterial and viruscidal activity. In their pure form, they are very powerful laxatives.

* Salycylic Acid
This asprin-like compound is anti-inflamatory and topically helps to break down dead tissue.

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