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Emerging Issues: References

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  1. J. R. D. Guimaraes, J. Ikingura and H. Akagi. 2000. Methyl mercury production and distribution in river water-sediment systems investigated through radiochemical techniques. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 124 (1-2):113-124.

  2. C. Y. Chen, R. S. Stemberger, B. Klaue, J. D. Blum, P. C. Pickhardt and C. L. Folt. 2000. Accumulation of heavy metals in food web components across a gradient of lakes. Limnology and Oceanography 45 (7):1525-1536.

  3. R. P. Mason, J. R. Reinfelder and F. M. M. Morel. 1995. Bioaccumulation of mercury and methylmercury. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 80:915-921.

  4. R. Dietz, F. Riget, M. Cleemann, A. Aarkrog, P. Johansen and J. C. Hansen. 2000. Comparison of contaminants from different trophic levels and ecosystems. Science of the Total Environment 245 (1-3):221-231.

  5. C. C. Gilmour and G. S. Riedel. 2000. A survey of size-specific mercury concentrations in game fish from Maryland fresh and estuarine waters. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 39 (1):53-59.

  6. R. M. Neumann and S. M. Ward. 1999. Bioaccumulation and biomagnification of mercury in two warmwater fish communities. Journal of Freshwater Ecology 14 (4):487-498.

  7. P. Grandjean, P. Weihe, P. J. Jorgensen, T. Clarkson, E. Cernichiari and T. Videro. 1992. Impact of maternal seafood diet on fetal exposure to mercury, selenium, and lead. Archives of Environmental Health 47 (3):185-195.

  8. G. J. Myers and P. W. Davidson. 2000. Does methylmercury have a role in causing developmental disabilities in children? Environmental Health Perspectives 108 (Suppl. 3):413-20.

  9. H. Galal-Gorchev. 1993. Dietary intake, levels in food and estimated intake of lead, cadmium, and mercury. Food Additives and Contaminants 10 (1):115-28.

  10. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2001. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) Risk Information for Methylmercury (MeHg). Washington, DC: National Center for Environmental Assessment. http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0073.htm.

  11. P. Grandjean, R. F. White, A. Nielsen, D. Cleary and E. C. de Oliveira Santos. 1999. Methylmercury neurotoxicity in Amazonian children downstream from gold mining. Environmental Health Perspectives 107 (7):587-91.

  12. P. Grandjean, P. Weihe, R. F. White and F. Debes. 1998. Cognitive performance of children prenatally exposed to “safe” levels of methylmercury. Environmental Research 77 (2):165-72.

  13. P. Grandjean, P. Weihe, R. F. White, F. Debes, S. Araki, K. Yokoyama, K. Murata, N. Sorensen, R. Dahl and P. J. Jorgensen. 1997. Cognitive deficit in 7-year-old children with prenatal exposure to methylmercury. Neurotoxicology and Teratology 19 (6):417-28.

  14. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1996. Mercury Study Report to Congress, Volumes I to VII. Washington, DC: Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. http://www.epa.gov/oar/mercury.html.

  15. W. F. Fitzgerald, D. R. Engstrom, R. P. Mason and E. A. Nater. 1998. The case for atmospheric mercury contamination in remote areas. Environmental Science and Technology 32 (1):1-7.

  16. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2001. EPA National Advice on Mercury in Freshwater Fish for Women Who Are or May Become Pregnant, Nursing Mothers, and Young Children. EPA Office of Water. http://www.epa.gov/ost/fishadvice/advice.html.

  17. American Psychiatric Association. 2000. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition Text Revision. Washington D.C.: American Psychiatric Association.

  18. National Institute of Mental Health. 1994. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. 96-3572. http://www.nimh.nih.gov/publicat/adhd.cfm. Exit EPA

  19. National Institute of Mental Health. 2000. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) – Questions and Answers. http://www.nimh.nih.gov/publicat/adhdqa.cfm Exit EPA(cited October 15, 2001).

  20. A. Thapar, J. Holmes, K. Poulton and R. Harrington. 1999. Genetic basis of attention deficit and hyperactivity. British Journal of Psychiatry 174:105-11.

  21. Y.C. Ding, H.C. Chi, D.L. Grady, A. Morishima, J.R. Kidd, K.K. Kidd, P. Flodman, M.A. Spence, S. Schuck, J.M. Swanson, Y.P. Zhang and R.K. Moyzis. 2002. Evidence of positive selection acting at the human dopamine receptor D4 gene locus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 99(1):309-14.

  22. A. Kirley, Z. Hawi, G. Daly, M. McCarron, C. Mullins, N. Millar, I. Waldman, M. Fitzgerald and M. Gill. 2002. Dopaminergic system genes in ADHD: toward a biological hypothesis. Neuropsychopharmacology 27(4):607-19.

  23. J. Calderon, M. E. Navarro, M. E. Jimenez-Capdeville, M. A. Santos-Diaz, A. Golden, I. Rodriguez-Leyva, V. Borja-Aburto and F. Diaz-Barriga. 2001. Exposure to arsenic and lead and neuropsychological development in Mexican children. Environmental Research 85 (2):69-76.

  24. A. L. Mendelsohn, B. P. Dreyer, A. H. Fierman, C. M. Rosen, L. A. Legano, H. A. Kruger, S. W. Lim and C. D. Courtlandt. 1998. Low-level lead exposure and behavior in early childhood. Pediatrics 101 (3):E10.

  25. B. Minder, E. A. Das-Smaal, E. F. Brand and J. F. Orlebeke. 1994. Exposure to lead and specific attentional problems in schoolchildren. Journal of Learning Disabilities 27 (6):393-9.

  26. H. L. Needleman, A. Schell, D. C. Bellinger, A. Leviton and E. N. Allred. 1990. The long term effects of exposure to low doses of lead in childhood, an 11-year follow-up report. New England Journal of Medicine 322 (2):83-8.

  27. H. L. Needleman, J. A. Riess, M. J. Tobin, G. E. Biesecker and J. B. Greenhouse. 1996. Bone lead levels and delinquent behavior. Journal of the American Medical Association 275 (5):363-9.

  28. D. C. Rice. 1996. Behavioral effects of lead: commonalities between experimental and epidemiologic data. Environmental Health Perspectives 104 (Suppl. 2):337-51.

  29. J. L. Jacobson and S. W. Jacobson. 1996. Intellectual impairment in children exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls in utero. New England Journal of Medicine 335 (11):783-9.

  30. J. L. Jacobson and S. W. Jacobson. 1997. Teratogen Update: Polychlorinated Biphenyls. Teratology 55:338-347.

  31. S. Patandin, C. I. Lanting, P. G. Mulder, E. R. Boersma, P. J. Sauer and N. Weisglas-Kuperus. 1999. Effects of environmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins on cognitive abilities in Dutch children at 42 months of age. Journal of Pediatrics 134 (1):33-41.

  32. P. Stewart, J. Reihman, E. Lonky, T. Darvill and J. Pagano. 2000. Prenatal PCB exposure and neonatal behavioral assessment scale (NBAS) performance. Neurotoxicology and Teratology 22 (1):21-9.

  33. D. C. Rice. 2000. Parallels between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and behavioral deficits produced by neurotoxic exposure in monkeys. Environmental Health Perspectives 108 (Suppl. 3):405-408.

  34. National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2002. What is Attention-Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder? http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/what.htm Exit EPA (Cited February 19, 2003).

  35. P. N. Pastor and C.A. Reuben. 2002. Attention-deficit disorder and learning disability:United States, 1997-98. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Statistics 10 (206). http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_10/sr10_206.pdf. Exit EPA


Emerging Issues

Measures:

Mercury in Fish

Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder


More Information:

Future Directions

Data Tables

Data Sources and Methods

Sources for More Information

References

 

 

 
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