Tips ‘n’ Tutorials

Java Platform, Standard Edition (also known as Java 2 Platform) lets you develop and deploy Java applications on desktops and servers, as well as today’s demanding Embedded and Real-Time environments. Java SE includes classes that support the development of Java Web Services and provides the foundation for Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (Java EE)

Built on the popular NetBeans IDE, Java Studio Enterprise offers all the functionality you need to develop, debug, tune, and deploy enterprise applications, web services, and portal components based on the Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (Java EE platform).

Sun Java Studio Enterprise integrated development environment (IDE) is an award-winning development platform, available free to enterprise architects and developers who join Sun Developer Network. It includes powerful features to speed development, such as UML modeling, instant collaboration, and application profiling. The IDE is also fully integrated with a complete runtime environment: Sun Java Enterprise System.

Java Studio Enterprise 8.1 is based on the NetBeans 5 platform, leveraging its improved core Java development capabilities and features. It is the ideal integrated development environment (IDE) for the latest release of Sun’s infrastructure platform: Sun Java Enterprise System 5. This release also provides significant enhancements to the UML capabilities with a new web reporting system and improved reverse-engineering support

Java is an object oriented language developed by sun Microsystems. the java language was designed to be small, simple and portable across platforms and operating systems, both at the source and at the binary level, which means that java programs (applets and applications) can run on any machine that has the java virtual machine).

Java is modeled after C and C++, and much of the syntax and object-oriented structure is borrowed from the latter. Although Java looks similar to C and C++, most of the more complex parts of those languages have been excluded from Java, making the language simpler without sacrificing much of its power. There are no pointers in Java, nor is there pointer arithmetic. Strings and arrays are real objects in Java. Memory management is automatic. To an experienced programmer, these omissions may be difficult to get used to, but to beginners or programmers who have worked in other languages, they make the Java language far easier to learn.

Platform-independent Java is however very successful with server-side applications, such as Web Services, Servlets, and Enterprise java beans, as well as with Embedded system based on OSG using Embedded Java environments.

Java applet, however, is a self-contained application within a Web page, and is limited to the region it occupies within a window. Applets can react only to commands within the window’s boundaries, but with JavaScript, events anywhere in an HTML page can be passed to Java applets.

Java applets are downloaded as separate files onto a client machine and are executed independently of HTML files and images; they are not visible in the source file.

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JavaScript is an interpreted programming or script language from Netscape. It is somewhat similar in capability to Microsoft’sVisual Basic, Sun’s Tcl, the UNIX-derived Perl, and IBM’s REXX. In general, script languages are easier and faster to code in than the more structured and compiled languages such as C
and C++. Script languages generally take longer to process than compiled languages, but are very useful for shorter programs.

JavaScript is a loosely-typed language which is much simpler than Java. In complexity, it’s at a similar level to BASIC.

JavaScript is used in Web site development to do such things as:

JavaScript uses some of the same ideas found in Java, the compiled object-oriented programming derived from C++. JavaScript code can be imbedded in HTML
JavaScript is a scripting language, and scripting languages are easier to learn and use than traditional programming languages.

JavaScript works on the client side, which means that it runs on the user’s computer and not on the Web server. The browsers interprets JavaScript statements embedded directly in an HTML page.

JavaScript is designed for use on Web pages and is closely integrated with HTML.

JavaScript statements embedded in an HTML page can recognize and respond to User Events such as Mouse Clicks, Form Input, and Page Navigation

Quick Development – because of JavaScript does not require time-consuming compilation, scripts can be developed in a relatively short period of time. This is enhanced by the fact that most of the interface features, such as dialog boxes, forms, and other GUI elements, are handled by the browser and HTML code. JavaScript programmers don’t have to worry about creating or handling these elements of their applications.

Easy to Learn – while JavaScript may share many similarities with Java, it doesn’t include the complex syntax and rules of Java. By learning just a few commands and simple rules of syntax, along with understanding the way objects are used in JavaScript, it is possible to begin creating fairly sophisticated programs.

Platform Independence – Because the WWW, by its very nature, is platform-independent, JavaScript programs created for the browsers are not tied to any specific hardware platform or operating system. The same program code can be used on any platform for which a browser is available.

Small Overhead – JavaScript programs tend to be fairly compact and are quite small, compared to the binary applets produced by Java. This minimizes storage requirements on the server and download times for the user. In addition, because JavaScript programs usually are included in the same file as the HTML code for a page, they require fewer network accesses.

JavaScript Object Property values are based on the content of your HTML document, sometimes referred to as reflection because the property values reflect the HTML. To understand JavaScript reflection, it is important to understand how the Browser performs the layout — the process by which the Browser transforms HTML tags into graphical display on your computer.

JavaScript, on the other hand, works only within a browser and is not compiled. You cannot use it to develop standalone applications.JavaScript is a scripting language for writing short programs, or scripts, such as log-on procedures. JavaScript originated as Netscape’s LiveScript, but because of its similarity in syntax to Java, it was renamed JavaScript.

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Java is an object-oriented programming language that uses software objects called classes and is based upon reusable, extensible code. This means that you can use Java’s classes, which are sets of variables and methods, as templates to create other classes with added functionality without rewriting the code from the parent classes or superclasses

Java is secure, so you can download Java programs from anywhere with confidence that they will not damage your system. Java provides extensive compile-time checking, followed by a second, multilayered level of runtime checking

Java is dynamic, so your applications are adaptable to changing environments because Java’s architecture allows you to dynamically load classes at runtime from anywhere on the network, which means that you can add functionality to existing applications by simply linking in new classes. For example, if your applet is being run by a browser that doesn’t have one of the classes included in your applet’s bytecode, the browser can download the appropriate class from the server that is storing your applet, check the bytecode, and execute it. This is assuming your browser has not been configured with strict security

The key to understanding Java’s object-oriented design is understanding what classes are and what you can do with them. Classes are templates that you use to create actual objects. The instructions contained in a class are used to create one or more objects, which can be called instances of classes in Java. When you create an object from a class, you instantiate the object, which means you create an instance of the class.

The Java Programming Language

Java is a programming language that was developed at Sun Microsystems. Java standalone application programs provide all the features of other general purpose languages such as Pascal or C. Java applets add the flexibility of sharing programs via the World Wide Web and Internet. Java is an object-oriented programming language and has been provided with an extensive library of classes that can be used in creating programs. This library is being rapidly extended by its many users.

The language is portable; it can be used on any computer platform that has a Java interpreter. This means that software developers can confidently program in Java and know that their software will run on any such computer. As well, individuals can also share applets via the Web. Attempts are made to make the use of shared programs safe. For security, for example, no applet may read from or write to a file on the system on which it is being executed.

Java syntax is based on the C syntax but many of the difficult and error prone parts of C and C++, such as pointers, operator overloading, and multiple inheritance have been eliminated. In this book we have eliminated still more of the “tricks” that some C programmers delight in. Our approach is based on the fundamental principle of structured programming, namely keeping programs easy to understand.
Java and its class libraries have many additional features which are not part of C or C++. It provides for strings, graphics, concurrency, and exception handling, as well as a large number of data structures in its class libraries. Java also provides graphical user interface classes.

All of these features contribute to Java’s attractiveness as both a commercial software tool and a means of addressing the core computer science concepts.

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Developing Games in Java
Java Games of open-source tools and technologies to make the development of high-performance games in Java a reality, sponsored by Sun Microsystem’s Java Games Technologies Group.

The Java Games Middleware project contains game engines and special-purpose libraries for building game content in Java. In general, these are designed to provide additional capabilities over and above those provided by the core game technology projects (JOGL, JOAL, JInput) and may include such diverse technologies as scene graph APIs, rendering libraries, physics engines, AI techniques, and others too numerous to mention.

Why write games in java

Java is now fast enough and that anything you can do in C++ can now be done in Java. The counter argument to existing games programmers is that anything they can do in Java can already be done in C++. So where is our language of choice being used in games? “Java is being used in commercial games - as a scripting language

Java 3D Game SDK based on J2SE 1.4 and Java 3D 1.3. No native code is used, so this SDK should be portable to all operating systems, which provide the above SDKs. The SDK provides functions from initializing the window till model animating and rendering.

The open source game library also includes a reusable game deployment framework and a multiplayer networking library with HTTP firewall tunneling capability for applets. All of the code is open source, including the example games. The animation has been scrupulously tested and optimized in the Swing environment, and Croft clearly explains how the code works in great detail. The graphics and audio libraries used in the examples are public domain and may also be used royalty-free for creating new games.

Java core Game technology

Core Game Technologies sections are those projects providing low-level access to essential (usually hardware supported) game technologies. These currently include 3D Graphics, 3D Sound, and polled input, and may later include support for basic networking.

Java Games research

The purpose of the Java Games Research project is to provide a home for advanced academic research using Java related to games. These may include new AI techniques, character animation technologies, interaction paradigms, dynamic systems, or any number of other compelling areas of investigation

New Java Hot Games.

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Chatters each month on thousands of Web sites around the world for community building, distance learning, live events, romance & dating, online business meetings, support groups, online sales, help desks, chat room hosting, and much more. Since 1996, Volano’s Java chat server software has kept the world chatting on the Internet.

Chat Essentials can be used in a broad range of application such as: building customer help desks, multimedia conference rooms, sales counters, distance learning centers, and online communities.

Java Chat helps you to connect with your website visitors quickly, easily and inexpensively. You can:

Chat, discussion, and secure instant messaging server accessible via web browser and Windows client
Chat applications allow inexpensive and efficient social interactions between community members spread across the globe. A community can use the Chat application to allow its members to have an interactive session with a special guest or a community member of through the means of a moderated chat. A customer support site can use the Chat application to offer instant responses to its customers regarding its products.
Chat application allows site developers access to a rich community data model which is compatible with a variety of existing open-source applications.

Javaapplet-based client, users can see messages updated in real time. This is important in, e.g., a customer service setting. Since SUN JDK 1.1 doesn’t provides a text rendering API, applet-based clients are limited in the format of the text that they can display. There are also limitations on the server as to how many TCP sockets can be open at the same time. Since each user using an applet-based chat client will use one TCP socket, there could be a limit on how many user can use the applet. This problem could be solved by employing customized hardware more suitable for the task.

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