SAVAGES IN DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
<a href="../99/09/decsav.txt">decsav.txt</a>


 "He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has
endeavoured to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the
merciless Indian Savages, whose known rule of warfare, is an
undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions."
 
You don't hear much about this passage from the Declaration of
Independence


Date sent:      	Sun, 4 Jul 1999 13:59:11 -0400 (EDT)
From:           	dellison <dellison@erols.com>
Send reply to:  	dellison@erols.com
To:             	upstream-list@cycad.com
Subject:        	Re: [Upstream] A Multitude of New Offices


The reason one hears so little about this "fact" is that it refers to the
British policy of liberating thoe bond slaves and indentured servants who
stood by "God, King and Country" while others, Jefferson included,
rebelled in order to keep their slaves. The reference to "Indian Savages"
acknowledges that most of the Indian tribes which participated in the
events of 1776 did so on the side of the British. Reason: The British
acknowledgment of their "Unalienable rights" to reservations, a right not
only denied by Jefferson but castigated in his allusion to the enlargeing
of the borders of a neighboring province." Duane Ellison


Samson Vermont wrote:
> 
> "He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavoured
> to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian
> Savages, whose known rule of warfare, is an undistinguished destruction
> of all ages, sexes and conditions."
> 
> You don't hear much about this passage from the Declaration.
> 
> Samson Vermont
> 
> Premise Checker wrote:
> 
> > IN CONGRESS, July 4, 1776.
> >
> > The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America,
> >
> > When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one
> > people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with
> > another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and
> > equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle
> > them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they
> > should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.
> >
> > We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created
> > equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable
> > Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of
> > Happiness.--That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted
> > among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the
> > governed, --That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive
> > of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish
> > it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such
> > principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall
> > seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence,
> > indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be
> > changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience
> > hath shewn, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are
> > sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which
> > they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations,
> > pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them
> > under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to
> > throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future
> > security.--Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and
> > such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former
> > Systems of Government. The history of the present King of Great
> > Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having
> > in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these
> > States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid world.
> >
> > He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary
> > for the public good.
> >
> > He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing
> > importance, unless suspended in their operation till his Assent should
> > be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend
> > to them.
> >
> > He has refused to pass other Laws for the accommodation of large
> > districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of
> > Representation in the Legislature, a right inestimable to them and
> > formidable to tyrants only.
> >
> > He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual,
> > uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their public
> > Records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with
> > his measures.
> >
> > He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with
> > manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people.
> >
> > He has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to cause
> > others to be elected; whereby the Legislative powers, incapable of
> > Annihilation, have returned to the People at large for their exercise;
> > the State remaining in the mean time exposed to all the dangers of
> > invasion from without, and convulsions within.
> >
> > He has endeavoured to prevent the population of these States; for that
> > purpose obstructing the Laws for Naturalization of Foreigners;
> > refusing to pass others to encourage their migrations hither, and
> > raising the conditions of new Appropriations of Lands.

> >
> > He has obstructed the Administration of Justice, by refusing his
> > Assent to Laws for establishing Judiciary powers.
> >
> > He has made Judges dependent on his Will alone, for the tenure of
> > their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries.
> >
> > He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms of
> > Officers to harrass our people, and eat out their substance.
> >
> > He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies without the
> > Consent of our legislatures.
> >
> > He has affected to render the Military independent of and superior to
> > the Civil power.
> >
> > He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to
> > our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his Assent to
> > their Acts of pretended Legislation:
> >
> > For Quartering large bodies of armed troops among us:
> >
> > For protecting them, by a mock Trial, from punishment for any Murders
> > which they should commit on the Inhabitants of these States:
> >
> > For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world:
> >
> > For imposing Taxes on us without our Consent:
> >
> > For depriving us in many cases, of the benefits of Trial by Jury: For
> > transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for pretended offences
> >
> > For abolishing the free System of English Laws in a neighbouring
> > Province, establishing therein an Arbitrary government, and enlarging
> > its Boundaries so as to render it at once an example and fit
> > instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these Colonies:
> >
> > For taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable Laws, and
> > altering fundamentally the Forms of our Governments:
> >
> > For suspending our own Legislatures, and declaring themselves invested
> > with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever.
> >
> > He has abdicated Government here, by declaring us out of his
> > Protection and waging War against us.
> >
> > He has plundered our seas, ravaged our Coasts, burnt our towns, and
> > destroyed the lives of our people.
> >
> > He is at this time transporting large Armies of foreign Mercenaries to
> > compleat the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun
> > with circumstances of Cruelty & perfidy scarcely paralleled in the
> > most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the Head of a civilized
> > nation.
> >
> > He has constrained our fellow Citizens taken Captive on the high Seas
> > to bear Arms against their Country, to become the executioners of
> > their friends and Brethren, or to fall themselves by their Hands.
> >
> > He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavoured
> > to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian
> > Savages, whose known rule of warfare, is an undistinguished
> > destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions.
> >
> > In every stage of these Oppressions We have Petitioned for Redress in
> > the most humble terms: Our repeated Petitions have been answered only
> > by repeated injury. A Prince whose character is thus marked by every
> > act which may define a Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free
> > people.
> >
> > Nor have We been wanting in attentions to our Brittish brethren. We
> > have warned them from time to time of attempts by their legislature to
> > extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of
> > the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We have
> > appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured
> > them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpations,
> > which, would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence.
> > They too have been deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity.
> > We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which denounces our
> > Separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, Enemies in
> > War, in Peace Friends.
> >
> > We, therefore, the Representatives of the united States of America, in
> > General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the
> > world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the Name, and by
> > Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and
> > declare, That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free
> > and Independent States; that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to
> > the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and
> > the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved; and
> > that as Free and Independent States, they have full Power to levy War,
> > conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all
> > other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right do. And
> > for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the
> > protection of divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our
> > Lives, our Fortunes and our sacred Honor.
> >
> > The 56 signatures on the Declaration appear in the positions
> > indicated:
> >
> > [Column 1]
> > Georgia:
> >   Button Gwinnett
> >   Lyman Hall
> >   George Walton
> >
> > [Column 2]
> > North Carolina:
> >   William Hooper
> >   Joseph Hewes
> >   John Penn
> > South Carolina:
> >   Edward Rutledge
> >   Thomas Heyward, Jr.
> >   Thomas Lynch, Jr.
> >   Arthur Middleton
> >
> > [Column 3]
> > Massachusetts:
> >   John Hancock
> > Maryland:
> >   Samuel Chase
> >   William Paca
> >   Thomas Stone
> >   Charles Carroll of Carrollton
> > Virginia:
> >   George Wythe

> >   Richard Henry Lee
> >   Thomas Jefferson
> >   Benjamin Harrison
> >   Thomas Nelson, Jr.
> >   Francis Lightfoot Lee
> >   Carter Braxton
> >
> > [Column 4]
> > Pennsylvania:
> >   Robert Morris
> >   Benjamin Rush
> >   Benjamin Franklin
> >   John Morton
> >   George Clymer
> >   James Smith
> >   George Taylor
> >   James Wilson
> >   George Ross
> > Delaware:
> >   Caesar Rodney
> >   George Read
> >   Thomas McKean
> >
> > [Column 5]
> > New York:
> >   William Floyd
> >   Philip Livingston
> >   Francis Lewis
> >   Lewis Morris
> > New Jersey:
> >   Richard Stockton
> >   John Witherspoon
> >   Francis Hopkinson
> >   John Hart
> >   Abraham Clark
> >
> > [Column 6]
> > New Hampshire:
> >   Josiah Bartlett

> >   William Whipple
> > Massachusetts:
> >   Samuel Adams
> >   John Adams
> >   Robert Treat Paine
> >   Elbridge Gerry
> > Rhode Island:
> >   Stephen Hopkins
> >   William Ellery
> > Connecticut:
> >   Roger Sherman
> >   Samuel Huntington

> >   William Williams
> >   Oliver Wolcott
> > New Hampshire:
> >   Matthew Thornton
> >
> > ---
> >
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> 
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