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| More from Britannica on "anarchism"... |
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| 85 Encyclopædia Britannica articles, from the full 32 volume encyclopedia | |
| > | anarchism cluster of doctrines and attitudes centred on the belief that government is both harmful and unnecessary. Anarchist thought developed in the West and spread throughout the world, principally in the early 20th century. |
| > | Contemporary anarchism from the anarchism article After World War II, anarchist groups and federations reemerged in almost all countries where they had formerly flourished—the notable exceptions being Spain and the Soviet Union—but these organizations wielded little influence compared to that of the broader movement inspired by earlier ideas. This development is not surprising, since anarchists never stressed the need ... |
| > | Anarchism in China from the anarchism article Shortly after 1900, as part of the reforms that followed the unsuccessful Boxer Rebellion, the Ch'ing Dynasty began to send many young Chinese to study abroad, especially in France, Japan, and the United States. In these places and elsewhere, Chinese students established nationalist and revolutionary organizations dedicated to overthrowing the imperial regime. Two of the ... |
| > | Anarchism in the arts from the anarchism article The central ideals of anarchism—freedom, equality, and mutual aid—have inspired writers and artists throughout history. When anarchism became an organized movement in the mid-19th century, its adherents hailed an impressive number of renowned literary and artistic figures as precursors and allies. In an influential essayessay, “Anarchism in Literature” (published ... |
| > | Anarchism in Japan from the anarchism article The first self-described anarchist in East Asia was the Japanese writer and activist Kotoku Shusui. In 1901 Kotoku, an early advocate of Japanese socialism, helped to found the Social Democratic Party, which was immediately banned by the government. Early in 1905, after the newspaper he published, the Heimin shimbun (“Commoner's Newspaper”), denounced the Russo-Japanese ... |
| 19 Student Encyclopedia Britannica articles, specially written for elementary and high school students | |
| anarchism The word anarchism derives from a Greek term meaning “without a chief or head.” Anarchism was one of the leading political philosophies to develop in Europe in the 19th century. The chief tenet of anarchism is that government should be abolished in order to allow human communities to flourish without government coercion. Also part of anarchism is the concept that the ... |
| Malatesta, Enrico (1853–1932), Italian anarchist. Born in Santa Maria Capua Vetere, Kingdom of Naples (now in Italy), Malatesta promoted “the insurrectionary deed,” an act of terrorism done to change society. He spent 35 years in exile, mainly in London, but returned to Italy after an amnesty in 1919. (See also Anarchism.) |
| Sorel, Georges (1847–1922), French social philosopher and author. Born in Cherbourg, France, he became a convert to Marxism in 1893, but by 1902 had turned altogether against government, even under communism. Sorel adopted revolutionary syndicalism as the means of social change. His works include ‘Reflections on Violence'. Sorel died in Boulogne-sur-Seine, France. (See also Anarchism.) |
| Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph (1809–65). A French journalist and socialist, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon is regarded as the father of anarchism. Anarchism is a political movement based on the belief that if all forms of government were abolished people would live in natural harmony. Proudhon's ideas first appeared in 1840 in ‘What Is Property?', a book that also pointed out the evils of personal ownership ... |
| terrorism Terrorists use violence in an attempt to achieve political goals. Their intent is to bring about political change by creating a climate of fear within the society they oppose. The targeting of innocent victims and symbolic locations for a high-profile attack has long been the preferred method of terrorist organizations. |
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