Official Language — Constitutional/Statutory Provisions
Article 343 (1) of the Constitution provides that Hindi in Devanagari script shall be the Official Language of the Union. Article-343(2) also provided for continuing the use of English in official work of the Union for a period of 15 years (i.e., up to 25 January 1965) from the date of commencement of the Constitution. Article 343(3) empowered the parliament to provide by law for continued use of English for official purposes even after 25 January 1965. Accordingly, section 3(2) of the Official Languages Act, 1963 (amended in 1967) provides for continuing the use of English in official work even after 25 January 1965. The Act also lays down that both Hindi and English shall compulsorily be used for certain specified purposes such as Resolutions, General Orders, Rules, Notifications, Administrative and other Reports, Press Communiqués; Administrative and other Reports and Official Papers to be laid before a House or the Houses of Parliament; Contracts, Agreements, Licences, Permits, Tender Notices and Forms of Tender, etc.
In 1976, Official Language Rules were framed under the provisions of section 8(1) of the Official Languages Act, 1963. Its salient features are as under:
(i) they apply to all Central Government Offices, including any office of a Commission, Committee or Tribunal appointed by the Central Government and Corporation or Company owned or controlled by it;
(ii) Communications from a Central Government Office to State/Union Territories or to any person in Region "A" comprising the States of Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Rajasthan, Haryana and UTs of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Delhi, shall be in Hindi;
(iii)Communications from a Central Government Office to States/UTs in Region "B" comprising the States of Punjab, Gujarat, Maharashtra and the Union Territory of Chandigarh, shall ordinarily be in Hindi. However, communication to any person in Region "B" may be either in English or Hindi;
(iv) Communications from a Central Government Office to a State Government Office in region 'C' comprising all other States and UTs not included in region 'A' & 'B' or to any office (note being a Central Government Office) or person shall be in English;
(v) Communications between Central Government Offices and from Central Government Offices to the Offices of the State Governments/Union Territories and individuals, etc., will be in Hindi in such proportions as may be determined from time to time;
(vi) All Manuals, Codes and other Procedural literature relating to Central Government Offices are required to be prepared both in Hindi and English. All Forms, Headings of Registers, Name Plates, Notice Boards and various items of stationery, etc., are also required to be in Hindi and English;
(vii) It shall be the responsibility of the officer signing the documents specified in section 3(3) of the Act to ensure that these are issued both in Hindi and English.
(viii) Shall
be the responsibility of the administrative head of each Central Government
Office to ensure that the provisions of the Act, the Rules and directions issued
under Sub-Rule-2 are properly complied with and to devise suitable and
effective check points for this purpose.
Policy
In compliance with the Official Language Resolution, 1968, an Annual
Programme is prepared by the Department of Official Language in which
targets are set for the offices of the Central Government with regard to
originating correspondence, telegrams, telex, etc., in Hindi. A Quarterly Progress
Report is called for from the offices of the Central Government regarding achievements vis-à-vis the said targets. An Annual Assessment Report is
prepared on the basis of the Quarterly Progress Reports, which is laid on the
Tables of both Houses of the Parliament and copies endorsed to State
Governments and the Ministries/Departments of the Central Government.
Eight Regional Implementation Offices have been established at Bangalore,
Cochin, Mumbai, Kolkata, Guwahati, Bhopal, Delhi and Ghaziabad to monitor
the implementation of Official Language Policy of the Union.
Committees/Samities
A Committee of Parliament on Official Language was constituted in 1976
under section 4 of the Official Languages Act, 1963 to periodically review the
progress in the use of Hindi as the Official Language of the Union and to
submit a report to the President. The Committee consists of 20 Members of the
Lok Sabha and 10 of the Rajya Sabha. The Committee have decided to submit
its report in parts. It has so far submitted to the President eight parts of its
report. The Presidential Orders on seven parts of its report have been issued
and work is in progress on the eighth part.
The Kendriya Hindi Samiti was constituted in the year 1967. It is chaired
by the Prime Minister. It is the apex policy making body which lays down the
guidelines for the propagation and progressive use of Hindi as Official
Language of the Union.
Under the directions of the Kendriya Hindi Samiti, Hindi Salahakar
Samitis have been constituted in all Ministries/Departments under the
chairmanship of the Ministers concerned. These Samitis periodically review
the progress in the use of Hindi in their respective Ministries/Departments
and the offices/ undertakings and suggest measures to promote the use of
Hindi.
Besides, the Central Official Language Implementation Committee [headed
by Secretary, Department of Official Language and consisting of Joint Secretaries
(In-charge Official Language) of all the Ministries/Departments as ex-officio
members] reviews the status of use of Hindi for official purposes of the Union,
training of its employees in Hindi and implementation of instructions issued
from time to time by the Department of Official Language and suggests
measure for removing the shortcomings and difficulties noticed in implementing
these instructions.
Town Official Language Implementation Committees are constituted in
different towns having ten or more Central Government offices, etc., to review
the progress made in the use of Hindi in their member offices and exchange
experiences. So far 255 Town Official Language Implementation Committees
have been constituted all over the country.
Award Schemes
The Indira Gandhi Rajbhasha Awards Scheme has been in operation since
1986-87. Shields are given every year to Ministries/ Departments, Banks and
Financial Institutions, Public Sector Undertakings and Town Official Language Implementation Committees for outstanding achievements in the
implementation of the Official Language Implementation Cmmittees for
outstanding achievements in the implementation of the Official Language
Policy of the Union. Cash awards are given to the working/retired employees
of the Central Government, Banks, Financial Institutions, Universities, Training
Institutions and Autonomous Bodies of the Central Government for writing
original books in Hindi.
The National Awards Scheme for Original Book writing on Gyan-Vigyan
has been renamed as Rajiv Gandhi National Awards Scheme for Original Book
Writing in Hindi for promoting writing of books in Hindi on all branches of
modern Science/Technology and contemporary subjects. This Scheme is open
to all citizens of India.
At Regional level, Regional Official Language Awards are given each
year to the Regional/Subordinate Offices, Public Sector Undertakings, Town
Official Language Implementation Committees, Banks and Financial Institutions
of the Central Government for outstanding achievements in implementing the
Official Language Policy of the Union and accelerating the progressive use of
Hindi.
Training
Under the Hindi Teaching Scheme, administered by the Department of Official
Language, training in Hindi language is being imparted through 119 full-time
and 49 part-time centres throughout the country. Likewise, training in Hindi
Stenography and Hindi Typing is being provided through 23 full-time and 38
part-time centres. Thus, training in Hindi is being provided in 229 centres
located in different parts of the country. Five Regional Offices of Hindi
Teaching Scheme at Kolkata, Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai and Guwahati are
providing academic and administrative support to the Hindi Teaching Scheme
in the East, West, North-Central, South and North-East Regions. To fulfill the
increasing demand of Hindi training of North Eastern region a new Regional
Headquarter has been extablished at Guwahati and new Hindi training centres
have been established at Imphal, Aizwal and Agartala.
The Kendriya Hindi Prashikshan Sansthan was established on 31 August
1985, as a subordinate office of the Department of Official Language, with the
objective of providing Hindi Training through condensed courses in Hindi
language/typing and stenography as also training through correspondence in
Hindi language and Hindi Typwriting. Its sub-institutes were opened in
Mumbai, Kolkata and Bangalore in 1988 and in Chennai and Hyderabad in
1990. Training of Hindi typing on computers is being imparted at almost all
the typing/stenography centres in the country.
The Central Translation Bureau was set up in March 1971 for translation
of different types of non-statutory literature, manuals/codes, forms, etc., of
various Ministries/Departments, Offices of the Central Government and Public
Sector Undertakings, Banks, etc. The Bureau has also been entrusted with the
responsibility of conducting translation training courses for the officers/employees associated with the translation work. Initially, translation training
courses of 3 months were being conducted at the Headquarters in New Delhi.
In order to strengthen training facilities and meet regional requirements,
Translation Training Centres have been established in Mumbai, Bangalore and
Kolkata. Besides, Central Translation Bureau also conducts short-term translation
courses for Central Government employees.
Technical
In order to facilitate the use of Official Language with the help of Mechanical
and Electronic equipment, especially computers, a Technical Cell was set up in
the Department of Official Language in October 1983. The main activities of
the Cell are as under:
- Development of "Language application tools" - Under this programme
LILA Rajbhasha, a self-learning package through the medium of Bangla,
English, Kannada, Malayalam, Tamil and Telugu has been developed,
MANTRA Rajbhasha, an aid tool for English to Hindi translation has
also been developed.
- Organising computer training programmes in Hindi - Every year around
100 training programmes are conducted to impart training for the use of
Hindi on computers.
- Organising exhibitions and seminars on billingual computing - Technical
seminars are held to help the users and manufacturers come face to face
to discuss the use of Hindi software, etc.
The Department of Official Language has now set up its portal
www.rajbhasha.gov.in
Publications
The Department of Official Language brings out ‘Rajbhasha Bharati’, a quarterly
magazine, dedicated for encouraging writings in the field of Official Language,
literature, technology, information technology, etc., in Hindi and also to give
wide publicity to the efforts being made in different Central Government
Offices for the use and propagation of Official Language Hindi. So far 112
issues of Rajbhasha Bharati have been published. Likewise, Annual Programme
for implementation of the Official Language policy is brought out every year.
Annual Assessment Report regarding the use of Official Language in different
Ministries/Departments and offices of the Central Government/Public Sector
Undertakings, etc., is also brought out every year and laid on the tables of both
the houses of Parliament. Official Language Manual, Calendars, Films, Posters,
etc., are also brought out to give information regarding the activities relating
to propagation and progressive use of Hindi as the Official Language.
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