After †Coryndon, 1978, Stuenes, 1989, McKenna & Bell, 1997 and Weston, 2000
<==o Hippopotamidae Gray, 1821 (hippos; virtahevot) |-- †Kenyapotamus Pickford, 1983 [Kenyapotaminae] `--o Hippopotaminae (nykyvirtahevot) |==o Hexaprotodon Falconer & Cautley, 1836 [Choeropsis] (kääpiövirtahevot) [paraphyletic grade of primitive hippopotamids] | |?- †H. coryndoni Gèze, 1985 | |?- †H. mingoz | |--+-- †H. lothagamensis Weston, 2000 | | |-- †H. sp. aff. H. sahabiensis | | `-- †H. crusafonti | `--+-- H. liberiensis (kääpiövirtahepo) | `--+-- †H. harvardi Coryndon, 1977 [paraphyletic] | |--+-- †H. iravaticus | | `-- †H. sahabiensis Gaziry, 1987 | `--+--+-- †H. bruneti Boisserie & White, 2004 | | `--o †H. sivalensis Falconer & Cautley, 1836 | | |-- †H. s. namadicus Falconer & Cautley, 1836 | | `-- †H. s. palaeindicus Falconer & Cautley, 1836 | `--+-- †H. imagunculus (Hopwood, 1926) [Hippopotamus imagunculus Hopwood, 1926] | `--+?- †Trilobophorus afarensis Gèze, 1985 | |--+-- †H. protamphibius [H. shungurensis Gèze, 1985] | | `-- †H. karumensis Coryndon, 1977 | |--+-- †H. hipponensis | | |-- †H. primaevus | `--+?- †H. kaisensis [Hippopotamus kaisensis] | `?- †H. madagascariensis [=? Hippopotamus madagascariensis] (madagaskarinkääpiövirtahepo) `--o Hippopotamus Linnaeus, 1758 [Hexaprotodon, Hippoleakius, Prochoeropsis, Tetraprotodon] (virtahevot) |-- †H. major |--+-- †H. aethiopicus Coryndon & Coppens, 1975 [Hexaprotodon aethiopicus (Coryndon & Coppens, 1975)] | `-- †H. minutus [Phanourios; H. minor] (kyproksenkääpiövirtahepo; Cypros dwarf hippo) `--o H. amphibius -species-group |--+-- †H. lemerlei Grandidier, in Milne-Edwards, 1868 [H. leptorhynchus Grandidier & Filhol, 1894; H. amphibius standini Monnier & Lamberton, 1922] (madagaskarinmaakääpoövirtahepo) | `-- †H. madagascariensis Guldberg, 1882 (madagaskarinkääpiövirtahepo) |-- †H. palaeindicus `--+-- H. amphibius Linnaeus, 1758 (virtahepo) `--+-- †H. gorgops (periskooppivirtahepo; periscope-eyed hippo) `--+-- †H. antiquus (euroopanvirtahepo; european hippo) |-- †H. creutzburgi (kreetankääpiövirtahepo; Crete dwarf hippo) |-- †H. melitensis (maltankääpiövirtahepo; Maltan dwarf hippo) `-- †H. pentlandi (sisiliankääpiövirtahepo; Sisilian dwarf hippo)
Reference(s):
- Boisserie, J.-R. & White, T. D., 2004: A new species of Pliocene Hippopotamidae from the Middle Awash, Ethiopia.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 24, #2, pp. 464-473 - †Coryndon, S. C., 1978: Hippopotamidae. 483-495. [edited by Savage, R. J. G.]
in Maglio, V. J. & Cooke, H. B. S., (eds.) 1978: Evolution of African mammals.
–Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, England, 1978, xiv-641 - McKenna, M. C. & Bell, S. K., eds., 1997: Classification of mammals; above the species level.
–Columbia University Press, New York, 1997.
- Stuenes, S., 1989: Taxonomy, habits, and relationships of the subfossil madagascan hippopotami Hippopotamus lemerlei and Hippopotamus madagascariensis.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 9, #3, pp. 241-268 - Weston, E. M., 2000: A new species of hippopotamus Hexaprotodon lothagamensis (Mammalia: Hippopotamidae) from the Late Miocene of Kenya.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 20, #1, pp. 177-185