Collaborators , One Year Al-Aqsa Intifada , Fact Sheets And Figures

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One Year Al-Aqsa Intifada

Fact Sheets And Figures

Collaborators

The al-Aqsa Intifada has been characterized by a tremendous increase in the level of violence within Palestinian society. In its attempt to suppress the uprising, Israel moved as early as November 2000 to a policy of assassinations of Palestinian activists. This policy increased the fear and suspicion among the Palestinian people, who believe that such operations can only be possible with help from within, i.e. by using collaborators.

Israel's use of Palestinian collaborators is as old as the occupation itself. Their recruitment is facilitated by the dependency of the occupied people on the occupier for all kinds of permits - work permits, travel permits, import licenses, study permits, family reunification. The establishment of the Palestinian Authority in 1994 has changed little to this situation, and Israel's exploitation of this dependency is in itself a breach of its obligations under the Geneva Conventions 23.

But even if collaborators should often be viewed as victims of the occupation, the Palestinians abhor them for having turned against their people. The general opinion is that collaborators ought to be killed, and any other point of view will likely be assimilated to collaboration. In this atmosphere of suspicion and violence, an accusation of collaboration often amounts to a death sentence.

During the first intifada (1987-1993), an estimated 1000 Palestinians were killed under suspicion of collaboration, a number roughly equivalent to the estimated 1100 Palestinians killed by Israeli soldiers and settlers. However, only an estimated 40 to 45% of the Palestinians killed as alleged collaborators indeed maintained contacts with the Israeli authorities 24. Today, in the al-Aqsa Intifada, the witch-hunt appears to have started once again, and numerous Palestinians say that the tension has now reached unprecedented levels.

The main difference from the first intifada is the existence of the Palestinian Authority, who should have the monopoly over use of force and who should therefore be responsible for the investigation and prosecution of suspected collaborators. The Palestinian security services have indeed arrested hundreds of suspected collaborators and trials have taken place albeit in State Security Courts, often leading to death sentences. Two executions have taken place in January 2001, under the cheers of the Palestinian public but much to the dismay of the international community.

This is the dilemma faced by the Palestinian Authority: on the one hand, the people demand the harshest punishment for collaborators and are ready to take the matter into their own hands if they feel that the Authority is showing too much leniency. More than 20 suspected collaborators have already been killed in the street. But on the other hand, the Palestinian Authority would jeopardize the support given by the international community if it carried out further death sentences.

From a human rights perspective, suspected collaborators should be guaranteed a fair trial. This starts with the arrest of suspects, which usually occurs in the immediate aftermath of assassinations and therefore risks being based more on rumors than on serious investigations. As a consequence of this lack of investigation, it appears that Palestinian security services have to rely heavily on the interrogation of suspects to strengthen their cases, and instances of death in custody again raise fears as to the methods used during interrogation. Finally, trials are hastily conducted in front of State Security Courts - who have long been denounced for their total contempt for the guarantees of fair trial - and the imposition of the death penalty is another serious breach of the right to life.

Instances of killings in the streets are no less worrying. The Palestinian Authority has a responsibility to investigate these murders, uncover their real motive - the accusation of collaboration can also be an easy cover-up for crimes motivated by different reasons, such as family feuds or other disputes - and bring those guilty to trial. If it does not take firm steps against such "private initiatives" of law enforcement, it will send a signal encouraging more private settling of accounts and further undermine its own authority.

23 See art. 31 of the (Fourth) Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War of 12 August 1949: "No physical or moral coercion shall be exercised against protected persons, in particular to obtain information from them or from third parties."
24 Public statement by Freih Abu Middein, Palestinian Minister of Justice, and limited Israeli security information, see HAJ-YAHIA Y. et al. Alleged Palestinian Collaborators with Israel and their Families. A Study of Victims of Internal Political Violence. Peace Papers, No 12, Truman Institute, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Summer 1999, p. 19

List Of Suspected Collaborators Sentenced To Less Than Death
List Of Suspected Collaborators Sentenced To Death By Palestinian Courts
List Of Suspected Collaborators Sentenced To Death And Executed
List Of Suspected Collaborators Who Died In PA Custody
List Of Suspected Collaborators Killed In The Street

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No.	Name	M Status	Location	Date of Arrest	Date of Court	Court	Charges	Sentence
1	Wajeh Mohamed Awadallah Abu Sneid	19- single	Yatta- Hebron	28/11/2000	13/01/2001	State Security Court	Having connections with the enemy since 1998 and contributing to the assassination of Hussein 'Abayyat on 9/11/00.	Life
2	Hana Mansour Hana Salameh	19	Beit Sahour	28/11/2000	13/01/2001	State Security Court		Life
3	Tha'er Islam Ibrahim Jaber	21	Jenin camp- Jenin	14/06/2001	8/07/2001	State Security Court	Having connections with the enemy and contributing to the assassination of M'utasem Alsabagh and 'Allam Aljaloudi	Life
4	Mohammed Abdel Rahman Mahmoud	18 - single	Tulkarem	20/01/2001	31/07/2001	State Security Court	Collaboration with the enemy (Israel), and helped in the killing of Dr. Thabet Thabet on 31/12/2000	15 years imprisonment

No.	Name	Age	Area	Date of Arrest	Judgment and date	Charges	Court
1	Mohammad Deifallah al- Khatib	28, single	Bethlehem	23/12/00	Death by gunfire on 13.01.2001	Providing the enemy (Israel) with information that was helpful in the assassination of Hussein Obayat on 9/11/2000, and in other operations	State Security Court
2	Hussam Eddin Mousa Hmeid	18, single	Beit Sahour	23/12/00	Death by gunfire on 13.01.2001		State Security Court
3	Hassan Mohammed Yousef Musallam	53	Fawar Camp Hebron	20/11/00	Death by gunfire on 11.02.2001	Collaboration with the enemy (Israel) since 1994	Military Court
5	Samer Majed Abu Zeineh	21	Tulkarem	20/1/01	Sentenced to death by gunfire on 31/07/2001 and confiscation of money and properties	Collaboration with the enemy (Israel), since 26/4/2000, and helped in the killing of Dr. Thabet Thabet on 31/12/2000	State Security Court
6	Amjad Jaber Mohammed Hafayzeh	28	Tulkarem	20/1/01	Sentenced to death by gunfire on 31/07/2001 and confiscation of money and properties	Collaboration with the enemy (Israel), and helped in the killing of Dr. Thabet Thabet on 31/12/2000	State Security Court
7	Hussein Subhi Abu el ‘Ayoun	32	Tulkarem	20/1/01	Sentenced to death by gunfire on 31/07/2001, and confiscation of money and properties	Collaboration with the enemy (Israel), and helped in the killing of Dr. Thabet Thabet on 31/12/2000	State Security Court
4	Ahmed Mohammed Abu ‘Aisheh	50	Nablus	30/7/01	Death by gunfire 2/8/2001	Collaboration with the enemy (Israel) since 1982, and helped in the killing of Salah Darwazeh on 25/07/2001	State Security Court
8	Monzer Subhi el Hifnawi	43	Balata Camp	19/2/01	Sentenced to death by gunfire on 09/08/2001	Collaboration with the enemy (Israel) since 1979,and helped in the killing of Mahmoud el Madani assassinated on 18/02/2001	State Security Court
9	Khaled Sa’diAl-‘Akkeh	24	Gaza	14/2/01	Sentenced to death on 12/8/01	Collaboration with the enemy (Israel), and helped in the killing of Mas’oud Ayyad on 13/2/2001	State Security Court

No	Name	Age	Area	Date of Arrest	Judgment and date	Charges	Court
1	‘Allan Bani Odeh	24	Tammoun-Jenin	29/11/00	Death Penalty by hanging on 7/12/2000, Judgment executed by gunfire on 13/01/2001 at 11:00 am in the Police headquarters in Nablus	Participation in the killing of Ibrahim Bani-Odeh on 23/11/2000 and spying for Israel	State Security Court
2	Majdy Mohammed Mikkawi	25, married with 2 children	Rafah-Gaza	02/12/00	Death Penalty by gunfire 11/01/2001, Judgment executed on 13/01/2001 at 11:00 am in the Police Headquarters-Gaza	Involved in the assassination of Jamal Abdel Razek on 22/11/2000	State Security Court

No	Name	Personal Information	Date of Arrest	Arrested by	Date of Death	Place of Death	Notes
1	Salem Mahmoud Hassan el Aqra’a	Qabalan—Nablus- 37- worker- married and father of 5	06/02/01	MIS	26/02/2001	Rafidia – Nablus
2	Suleiman Awad Mohammed Abu-A’mra	Deir al-Balah- Gaza- 38- worker- father of 8	08/08/01	MIS	17/08/2001	Al-Shifa- Gaza
3	Khaled Sa’diAl-‘Akkeh	24 old - Sentenced to death penalty by the State Security Court on 12/8/01.	14/02/01	MIS	9/09/2001	Gaza Central Preson	Collaboration with the enemy (Israel)- and helped in the killing of Mas’oud Ayyad on 13/2/2001

No.	Name	Age	Area	Date of Killing	Suspicion	Comments
1	Kassem Khleef	37	Beit Safafa	12/11/00	Provided the Israeli “Shin-Bet” with information on the movements of Hussein Obayat who was assassinated on 9/11/2000	He was found dead near al Ram -checkpoint
2	Fares Hussein Ismail Attallah	55	Qalqilia	22/11/00	Suspicion of collaboration with Israel	Killed by armed men in front on his house, he was shot 6 times. The Palestinian Police, the PSS and the GIS investigate in the case
3	Adnan Fathi Shahin	38	Artas-Bethlehem	17/12/00	Collaboration with Israel. Provided the Israelis with information about Yousef Abu-Sway who was assassinated on 12/12/2000.	Killed by armed men who shot him in the neck and the chest he was taken by them from his house.
4	Kheir Fahim Sultan	33	Hares-Sulfit	17/12/00	Collaboration with Israel, he worked for the Israeli Police for 10 years, he was dismissed in 1990 after suspicion that he gave assistance to Fateh organization.	He was shot from a short distance, in his head and shoulder.
5	1. Nasser Abdel Kader El Quneiri	32	Askar Camp-Nablus	19/12/00	Collaboration with Israel	His body was found in his car in el-Badan area in Nablus, 5 bullets in the head, chest and hands, the body was taken for autopsy
6	Mohammed Mousa Abdel Rahman,	40	Burkin-Nablus	15/1/01	Collaboration with Israel	Three masked men (one of them called Salam BakerAbdel Rahman) shot and killed him in the head and chest when he opened his house door
7	Murshed Rashed M. Kassem (Suleiman)	43	Ajeh-Jenin	16/1/01	Collaboration with Israel	Was taken and shot by masked men, was found near el Zawyeh village
8	Sameer Abdel Azeiz Bakri	46	Nablus	27/1/01	Collaboration with Israel	Three masked men shot and killed him in his bedroom with 9 bullets
9	Kamal Hassan El ‘Aram	35	Sulfiet-Nabuls	01/2/01	Collaboration with Israel	Two masked men shot him near his home with two bullets in the head and the chest
10	Mustafa Mohammed Abu Shekha	55	Maythaloun-Jenin	04/3/01	Collaboration with Israel since 1987, he was living in Israel, he came back to his village before 6 months	Stabbed all over his body at his house (they claimed there has been some family dispute)
11	Mamoun Abdel Lateif Freij	37	Tulkarem	08/4/01	Collaboration with Israel since the first Intifada, he had an Israeli passport	Masked men shot him while he was in his store in the middle of the village, Israel asked for the body
12	Mohammed Khalid al Daghamin	25	Hebron, living with his wife in a lod	10/4/01	Collaboration with Israel	He was detained in Megiddo prison, killed inside the prison by other prisoners. His body was taken to Abu-Kabir for autopsy. He was arrested on 5.04.2001 charged for trying to kidnap an Israeli soldier to try to release some Palestinian prisoners in exchange. He had Israeli citizenship
13	Sabri Saeid Abu Asab	55	Qalqilia	16/4/01	Collaboration with Israel	Masked men shot him with many bullets while he was in his store
14	Yousef Awad Abdel Rahman Dwekat	45	Rojeeb-Nablus living in Qalqilia	01/5/01	Collaboration with Israel	Masked men shot him with 3 times in the head, the body was found near his home
15	Farah Shukri Hanna Botto	59	Bethlehem	31/5/01	Collaboration with Israel, sold land in Jabal Abu Ghneim (Har Homa) to the Israelis
16	Subhi Mohammed Abdel Karim Ghanem	55	Qalquilia	26/6/01	Collaboration with Israel	Masked men shot him with 4 bullets in the head
17	Zaher Hussni Assaf	30	Qalqilia	11/7/01	Collaboration with Israel	Masked men shot him while he was near his house
18	Jamal Eid Shahin	57,	Beit Sahour	31/7/01	Collaboration with Israel	Men in police uniform came to his house asking him to follow them in the street, then shot him with 11 bullets and hit him with a hammer all over his body
19	Ahmed Shawkat Salah	29,	Al-Khader -Bethlehem	02/8/01	Collaboration with Israel	Shot 3 times in his neck, shoulder and the chest by masked men.
20	Husam Mahmoud Ibrahim essa	34	Al-Khader -Bethlehem	17/8/01	Collaboration with Israel	He was taken by a masked youth from his house and was found killed on 18/8/01 at 4:30 AM.
21	Khalid Musa Abu el Hawa	47	Sur Baher-Jerusalem	03/8/01	Collaboration with Israel	Found killed in Za’atarah-Bethlehem with many bullets
22	Adnan al-‘Atwa	65	Deir el-Ghsoun- Tulkarem	04/9/01	Collaboration with Israel	The body was brought to Dr. Thabet hospital, Tulkarem, where they found that he was shot in the head. Had been arrested by the PA in the past for collaboration.