OpenOffice.org

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OpenOffice.org 2.2 Writer editing a text document under Ubuntu
Developer:	Sun Microsystems in association with the community
Latest release:	2.2.0 / May 18, 2007
Preview release:	2.2.1 RC2 (build OOF680_m17) / May 10, 2007
OS:	Cross-platform
Genre:	Office suite
License:	GNU Lesser General Public License
Website:	http://www.openoffice.org/

OpenOffice.org is a free office suite of applications available for many different operating systems including Linux, Microsoft Windows, Solaris, OpenVMS, IRIX and Mac OS X.^[1] It supports the OpenDocument standard for data interchange.

OpenOffice.org is based on StarOffice, an office suite developed by StarDivision and acquired by Sun Microsystems in August 1999. The source code of the suite was released in July 2000 with the aim of reducing the dominant market share of Microsoft Office by providing a free, open and high-quality alternative. OpenOffice.org is free software, available under the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL).

The project and software are informally referred to as "Open Office", but project organizers report that this term is a trademark held by another party, requiring them to adopt "OpenOffice.org" as its formal name, and abbreviated as OOo or OO.o.^[2]

Contents 1 Overview 2 OpenOffice.org Basic 3 File format 4 History 4.1 StarOffice 5 Development 5.1 Overview 5.2 Native desktop integration 5.3 Other projects 5.4 Security 6 Reactions 6.1 Market share 6.2 Java controversy 7 See also 8 References 9 Further reading 10 External links

[edit] Overview

According to its mission statement, the OpenOffice.org project aims "To create, as a community, the leading international office suite that will run on all major platforms and provide access to all functionality and data through open-component based APIs and an XML-based file format."^[3]

OpenOffice.org aims to compete with Microsoft Office and emulate its look and feel where suitable. It can read and write most of the file formats found in Microsoft Office, and many other applications; an essential feature of the suite for many users. OpenOffice.org has been found to be able to open files of older versions of Microsoft Office and damaged files that newer versions of Microsoft Office itself cannot open.^[4] However, it cannot open older Word for Macintosh (MCW) files.^[5]

The primary development platforms are Microsoft Windows, Linux and Solaris. There are also ports available or in progress for Mac OS X, OS/2 and many Unix-like operating systems such as FreeBSD.^[6]

Federal Computer Week issue listed OpenOffice.org as one of the "5 stars of open-source products."^[7] In contrast, OpenOffice.org was used by The Guardian newspaper to illustrate what it claims are the limitations of open-source software, although the article does finish by stating that the software is better than MS Word for books.^[8]

OpenOffice.org is a collection of applications that work together closely to provide the features expected from a modern office suite. Many of the components are designed to mirror those available in Microsoft Office. The components available include:

Writer 

A word processor similar in look and feel to Microsoft Word and offering a comparable range of functions and tools. It also includes the ability to export Portable Document Format (PDF) files with no additional software, and can also function as a WYSIWYG editor for creating and editing web pages. One important difference between Writer and Microsoft Word is that in Writer, many functions and number formats from Calc (below) are available in Writer's tables.

Calc 

A spreadsheet similar to Microsoft Excel with a roughly equivalent range of features. Calc provides a number of features not present in Excel, including a system which automatically defines series for graphing, based on the layout of the user's data. Calc is also capable of writing spreadsheets directly as a PDF file.

Impress 

A presentation program similar to Microsoft PowerPoint. It can export presentations to Adobe Flash (SWF) files allowing them to be played on any computer with the Flash player installed. It also includes the ability to create PDF files. Impress suffers from a lack of ready-made presentation designs. However, templates are readily available on the Internet.^[9]

Base 

A database program similar to Microsoft Access. Base allows the creation and manipulation of databases, and the building of forms and reports to provide easy access to data for end-users. As with Access, Base is able to work as a front-end to a number of different database systems, including Access databases (JET), ODBC data sources and MySQL/PostgreSQL. Base became part of the suite starting with version 2.0.

Draw 

A vector graphics editor comparable in features to CorelDRAW. It features versatile "connectors" between shapes, which are available in a range of line styles and facilitate building drawings such as flowcharts. It has similar features to Desktop publishing software such as Scribus and Microsoft Publisher.

Math 

A tool for creating and editing mathematical formulae, similar to Microsoft Equation Editor. Formulae can be embedded inside other OpenOffice.org documents, such as those created by Writer. It supports multiple fonts and can export to PDF.

QuickStarter 

A small program for Windows and Linux that runs when the computer starts for the first time. It loads the core files and libraries for OpenOffice.org during computer startup and allows the suite applications to start more quickly when selected later. The amount of time it takes to open OpenOffice.org applications was a common complaint in version 1.0 of the suite, and Quickstarter was a solution of sorts. Substantial improvements were made in this area for version 2.2.

The macro recorder 

Is used to record user actions and replay them later to help with automating tasks, using OOoBasic.

It is not possible to download these components individually on Windows, though they can be installed separately. Most Linux distributions break the components into individual packages which may be downloaded and installed separately.

[edit] OpenOffice.org Basic

Main article: StarOffice Basic

OpenOffice.org Basic is a programming language similar to Microsoft Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) based on StarOffice Basic. In addition to the macros, the upcoming Novell edition of OpenOffice 2.0 supports running Microsoft VBA macros, a feature expected to be incorporated into the mainstream version soon.^[10]

OpenOffice.org Basic is available in the Writer and Calc applications. It is written in functions called subroutines or macros, with each macro performing a different task, such as counting the words in a paragraph. OpenOffice.org Basic is especially useful in doing repetitive tasks that have not been integrated in the program.^[11]

[edit] File format

Main article: OpenDocument

OpenOffice is based on OpenDocument file formats. All the format's specification are standardized and freely available to the public.

[edit] History

Originally developed as the proprietary software application suite StarOffice by the German company StarDivision, the code was purchased in 1999 by Sun Microsystems. In August 1999 version 5.2 of StarOffice was made available free of charge.

On July 19, 2000, Sun Microsystems announced that it was making the source code of StarOffice available for download under both the LGPL and the Sun Industry Standards Source License (SISSL) with the intention of building an open source development community around the software. The new project was known as OpenOffice.org, and its website went live on October 13, 2000.

Work on version 2.0 began in early 2003 with the following goals: better interoperability with Microsoft Office; better performance, with improved speed and lower memory usage; greater scripting capabilities; better integration, particularly with GNOME; an easier-to-find and use database front-end for creating reports, forms and queries; a new built-in SQL database; and improved usability. A beta version was released on March 4, 2005.

On September 2, 2005 Sun announced that it was retiring the SISSL.^[12] As a consequence, the OpenOffice.org Community Council announced that it would no longer dual license the office suite, and future versions would use only the LGPL.^[13]

On October 20, 2005, OpenOffice.org 2.0 was formally released to the public.^[14] Eight weeks after the release of Version 2.0, an update, OpenOffice.org 2.0.1, was released. It fixed minor bugs and introduced new features.

As of the 2.0.3 release, OpenOffice.org changed its release cycle from 18-months to releasing updates, feature enhancements and bug fixes every three months.^[15]

OpenOffice.org versions

Version	Release Date	Description
Build 638c	October 2001	The first milestone release
1.0	May 1, 2002
1.0.3.1	May 2, 2003	Recommended for Windows 95 users
1.1	September 2, 2003
1.1.1	March 30, 2004	Bundled with TheOpenCD
1.1.3	October 4, 2004
1.1.4	December 22, 2004
1.1.5	September 14, 2005	Last release for 1.x product line Is capable of editing OpenOffice 2 files
1.1.5secpatch	July 4, 2006	Security patch (macros)
2.0	October 20, 2005	Milestone
2.0.1	December 21, 2005
2.0.2	March 8, 2006
2.0.3	June 29, 2006
2.0.4	October 13, 2006
2.1.0	December 12, 2006
2.2.0	March 28, 2007	Latest stable release
2.3.0 build SRC680_m209	April 20, 2007
2.2.1 RC1 build SRC680_m16	May 5, 2007	Latest Release Candidate

[edit] StarOffice

Sun subsidizes the development of OpenOffice.org in order to use it as a base for its commercial proprietary StarOffice application software. Releases of StarOffice since version 6.0 have been based on the OpenOffice.org source code, with some additional proprietary components, including:

• Additional bundled fonts (especially East Asian language fonts).
• Adabas D database.
• Additional document templates.
• Clip art.
• Sorting functionality for Asian versions.
• Additional file filters.
• Migration assessment tool (Enterprise Edition).
• Macro migration tool (Enterprise Edition).
• Configuration management tool (Enterprise Edition).

OpenOffice.org, therefore, inherited many features from the original StarOffice upon which it was based including the OpenOffice.org XML file format which it retained until version 2, when it was replaced by OpenDocument.

[edit] Development

[edit] Overview

The OpenOffice.org API is based on a component technology known as Universal Network Objects (UNO). It consists of a wide range of interfaces defined in a CORBA-like interface description language.

The document file format used is based on XML and several export and import filters. All external formats read by OpenOffice.org are converted back and forth from an internal XML representation. By using compression when saving XML to disk, files are generally smaller than the equivalent binary Microsoft Office documents. The native file format for storing documents in version 1.0 was used as the basis of the OASIS OpenDocument file format standard, which has become the default file format in version 2.0.

Development versions of the suite are released every few weeks on the developer zone of the OpenOffice.org website. The releases are meant for those who wish to test new features or are simply curious about forthcoming changes; they are not suitable for production use.

The project is still essentially run by StarOffice staff, and getting external contributions into the core codebase is generally regarded as being more difficult than with other high-profile free software projects, even for the project's other corporate sponsors.^[16]

[edit] Native desktop integration

OpenOffice.org 1.0 was criticized for not having the look and feel of applications developed natively for the platforms it runs on. Starting with version 2.0, OpenOffice.org uses native widget toolkit, icons, and font-rendering libraries across a variety of platforms, to better match native applications and provide a smoother experience for the user. There are projects underway to further improve this integration on both GNOME^[17] and KDE.^[18]

This issue has been particularly pronounced on Mac OS X, whose standard user interface looks noticeably different from either Windows or X11-based desktop environments and requires the use of programming toolkits unfamiliar to most OpenOffice.org developers. There are two implementations of OpenOffice.org available for OS X:

OpenOffice.org Mac OS X (X11) 

This official implementation requires the installation of X11.app or XDarwin, and is a close port of the well-tested Unix version. It is functionally equivalent to the Unix version, and its user interface resembles the look and feel of that version; for example, the application uses it own menu bar instead of the OS X menu at the top of the screen. It also requires system fonts to be converted to X11 format for OpenOffice to use them (which can be done during application installation).

NeoOffice 

This independent port integrates with OS X's Aqua user interface using Java, Carbon and (increasingly) Cocoa toolkits. NeoOffice adheres fairly closely to OS X UI standards (for example, using native pull-down menus), and has direct access to OS X's installed fonts and printers. Its releases lag behind the official OpenOffice.org X11 releases, due to its small development team and the concurrent development of the technology used to port the user interface.^[19]

An Aqua version is also being developed under the aegis of OpenOffice.org, but as of February 2007 it is not ready for alpha testing.^[20] Sun Microsystem, in the meantime, is collaborating with OOo to develop an Aqua version of OpenOffice for Mac.

[edit] Other projects

Other projects run alongside the main OpenOffice.org project and are easier to contribute to. These include documentation, internationalization and localization and the API.

OpenGroupware.org is a set of extension programs to allow the sharing of OpenOffice.org documents, calendars, address books, e-mails, instant messaging and blackboards, and provide access to other groupware applications.

There is also an effort to create and share assorted document templates and other useful additions at OOExtras.^[21]

A set of Perl extensions is available through the CPAN in order to allow OpenOffice.org document processing by external programs.^[22] These libraries do not use the OpenOffice.org API. They directly read or write the OpenOffice.org files using Perl standard file compression/uncompression, XML access and UTF-8 encoding modules.

A distribution of OpenOffice.org called "Portable OpenOffice.org" is designed to run the suite from a USB flash drive.^[23]

OxygenOffice Professional[1] is an enhancement of OpenOffice.org, providing:

• Possibility to run Visual Basic for Application (VBA) macros in Calc (for testing)
• Multiple monitor support for Impress
• Improved Calc HTML export
• Enhanced Access support for Base
• Security fixes
• Enhanced performance
• Enhanced color-palette
• Enhanced help menu, additional User's Manual, and extended tips for beginners

Optionally it provides, free for personal and professional use:

• More than 3,200 graphics, both clip art and photos.
• Several templates and sample documents
• Over 90 free fonts.
• Additional tools like OOoWikipedia

Since version 2.0.4, OpenOffice.org has supported extensions in a similar manner to Mozilla Firefox.^[24]

The OpenOffice.org Bibliographic Project aims to incorporate a powerful reference management software into the suite. The new major addition is slated for inclusion with the standard OpenOffice.org release on late-2007 to mid-2008, or possibly later depending upon the availability of programmers.[2]

[edit] Security

Although OpenOffice.org does include a security team, as of March 16, 2006, the security site Secunia reports no known unpatched security flaws for the software.^[25] Kaspersky Lab has shown a proof of concept virus for OpenOffice.org.^[26] This shows OOo viruses are possible, but there is no known virus "in the wild".

In a private meeting of the French Ministry of Defense, macro-related security issues were raised.^[27] OpenOffice.org developers have responded and noted that the supposed vulnerability had not been announced through "well defined procedures" for disclosure and that the ministry had revealed nothing specific. However, the developers have been in talks with the researcher concerning the supposed vulnerability.^[28]

[edit] Reactions

[edit] Market share

Although Microsoft Office retains 95% of the general market, OpenOffice.org and StarOffice have secured 14% of the large enterprise market as of 2004^[29] and 19% of the small to midsize business market in 2005.^[30] The OpenOffice.org web site reports more than 62.5 million downloads.^[31]

OpenOffice.org is the office suite used on the British Army's Bowman deployable tactical communications system. Other large scale users of OpenOffice.org include Singapore's Ministry of Defense, and Bristol City Council in the UK. In France, OpenOffice.org has attracted the attention of both local and national government administrations who wish to rationalize their software procurement, as well as have stable, standard file formats for archival purposes. It is now the official office suite for the French Gendarmerie.^[32] The Supreme Court of India and the Allahabad High Court^[33], which use Linux, completely rely on OpenOffice.org.

On October 4, 2005, Sun and Google announced a strategic partnership. As part of this agreement, Sun will add a Google search bar to OpenOffice.org, Sun and Google will engage in joint marketing activities as well as joint research and development, and Google will help distribute OpenOffice.org.^[34]

Besides StarOffice, there are still a number of OpenOffice.org derived commercial products. Most of them are developed under SISSL license (which is valid up to OpenOffice.org 2.0 Beta 2). In general they are targeted at local or niche market, with proprietary add-ons such as speech recognition module, automatic database connection, or better CJK support.^[35]

[edit] Java controversy

In the past OpenOffice.org was criticized for an increasing dependency on the Java Runtime Environment which is not free software. The fact that Sun Microsystems is both the creator of Java and the chief supporter of OpenOffice.org drew accusations of ulterior motives for this technology choice.

Version 1 depended on a Java Runtime Environment (JRE) being present on the user's computer for some auxiliary functions, but version 2 increased the suite's use of Java requiring a JRE. In response, Red Hat increased their efforts to improve free Java implementations. Red Hat's Fedora Core 4 (released on June 13, 2005) included a beta version of OpenOffice.org version 2, running on GCJ and GNU Classpath.

The issue of OpenOffice.org's use of Java came to the fore in May 2005, when Richard Stallman appeared to call for a fork of the application in a posting on the Free Software Foundation website.^[36] This led to discussions within the OpenOffice.org community and between Sun staff and developers involved in GNU Classpath, a free replacement for Sun's Java implementation. Later that year, the OpenOffice.org developers also placed into their development guidelines various requirements to ensure that future versions of OpenOffice.org could be run on free implementations of Java and fixed the issues which previously prevented OpenOffice.org 2.0 from using free software Java implementations.^[37]

In an attempt to end the issue, on November 13, 2006, Sun committed to releasing Java under the GNU General Public License in the near future.^[38]

The following areas of OpenOffice.org 2.0 depend on a JRE being present:

• The media player on Unix-like systems
• All document wizards in Writer
• Accessibility tools
• Report Autopilot
• JDBC driver support
• HSQL database engine, which is used in OpenOffice.org Base
• XSLT filters
• BeanShell, the NetBeans scripting language and the Java UNO bridge
• Export filters to the Aportis.doc (.pdb) format for the Palm OS or Pocket Word (.psw) format for the Pocket PC
• Export filter to LaTeX

A common point of confusion is that mail merge to generate emails requires the Java API JavaMail in StarOffice; however, as of version 2.0.1, OpenOffice.org uses a Python-component instead.^[39]

[edit] See also

• List of office suites
• Comparison of office suites
• Open format
• Hunspell, the default spellchecker for OpenOffice.org.

[edit] References

[edit] Further reading

• OpenOffice.org Market Share Analysis
• EU report in favor of adopting open source software and OpenOffice.org

[edit] External links

• The OpenOffice.org homepage
• OpenOffice.org Documentation
• OpenOffice.org official wiki
• Free and commercial solutions to assist in OpenOffice.org deployment
• Wikipedia plugin for OpenOffice.org
• OpenOffice.org at the Open Directory Project

OpenOffice.org
Writer • Calc • Impress • Base • Draw • Math