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Nephrology
Laboratory  
   
Acid and Base Disorders
Arterial Blood Gas
ABG Interpretation
A-a Gradient
Base Excess
Calculated PaCO2
PaO2
Anion Gap
Excess Anion Gap
Urinary Anion Gap
Fractional Excretion of Bicarbonate
 
   
Calcium
Serum Calcium
Urine Calcium
 
   
Chloride
Serum Chloride
Urine Chloride
 
   
Endocrinology
Fluid Deprivation Test
Hare-Hickey Test
 
   
Failure
Renal Function
Blood Urea Nitrogen
Serum Creatinine
Creatinine Clearance
Urine Creatinine
 
   
Glomerulus
Glomerular Basement Membrane Antibody
 
   
Magnesium
Serum Magnesium
 
   
Phosphorus
Serum Phosphorus
 
   
Potassium
Serum Potassium
Urine Potassium
Fractional Excretion of Potassium
Transtubular Potassium Gradient
 
   
Sodium
Total Body Sodium Deficit
Serum Osmolality
Osmolar Gap
Serum Sodium
Urine Sodium
Fractional Excretion of Sodium
 
  
   
Assorted Pages
Serum Aldolase
Uric Acid
Hyperuricemia
Urine Uric Acid
 
   
     
  Hyperuricemia
Book
Chapter
  Page


  1. See Also
    1. Uric Acid
    2. Gout

  2. Decreased renal excretion of Uric Acid (90%)
    1. Primary idiopathic hyperuricemia
    2. Chronic Renal Insufficiency
    3. Polycystic Kidney Disease
    4. Diabetes Insipidus
    5. Hypertension
    6. Dehydration or starvation ketosis
    7. Acidosis
      1. Lactic Acidosis
      2. Diabetic Ketoacidosis
    8. Down Syndrome
    9. Lead nephropathy or Lead Poisoning
    10. Berylliosis
    11. Sarcoidosis
    12. Hyperparathyroidism
    13. Hypothyroidism
    14. Pregnancy Induced Hypertension
    15. Bartter's Syndrome
    16. Medications and other intakes
      1. Acute alcohol ingestion
      2. Diuretics
        1. Limit Hydrochlorothiazide to 25 mg/day
        2. Consider other antihypertensives
      3. Cyclosporine
      4. Nicotinic Acid
      5. Salicylates (less than 2 grams per day)
      6. Pyrazinamide
      7. Ethambutol

  3. Overproduction of Uric Acid (10%)
    1. Inborn error of metabolism
      1. HGPRTase deficiency
        1. Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl-transferase
      2. PRPP synthase overactivity
        1. Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase
    2. Hemolysis
    3. Myeloproliferative disorder
    4. Lymphoproliferative disorder
    5. Solid tumors
    6. Polycythemia Vera
    7. Medications
      1. Strong response to Chemotherapy or cytotoxic agents
      2. Pancreatic extracts
      3. Vitamin B12
    8. Alcohol intake (especially beer)
    9. Purine-rich diet
      1. See Purine Content in Foods
    10. Obesity
    11. Severe Psoriasis
    12. Tissue necrosis

  4. Combination: Overproduction and decreased excretion
    1. Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency (G6PD)
    2. Fructose-1-Phosphate Aldolase Deficiency
    3. Shock
    4. Alcohol ingestion


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