BioImages: The Virtual Field-Guide (UK)

Carduus (a genus of thistles)

Subtaxa

Rank	Taxon
Species	Carduus crispus L. (Welted Thistle)	3	16
Species	Carduus nutans L. (Musk Thistle)	15	18
Species	Carduus pycnocephalus L. (Plymouth Thistle)		4
Species	Carduus tenuiflorus Curtis (Slender Thistle)	11	3

Suggested Literature

Carduus may be covered by literature listed under:

BIOTA
(living things)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

PLANTAE
(plants)

SPERMATOPHYTA
(vascular plants)

MAGNOLIOPSIDA
(flowering plants)

MAGNOLIIDAE
(dicotyledonous flowering plants)

ASTERACEAE
(daisies, dandelions and thistles - formerly Compositae)

Cardueae
(“thistles”)

Feeding and other inter-species relationships

Associated with Carduus:

	is foodplant of	Tanymecus palliatus - a weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)	Morris, M.G., 1997
	is foodplant of larva	Trichosirocalus horridus - a weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)	Bullock, J.A., 1992
capitulum	capitulum is galled by larva	Larinus planus - a weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)	Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986
capitulum	capitulum is galled by larva	Rhinocyllus conicus - a weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)	Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986
capitulum	capitulum is galled by larva	Urophora solstitialis - a gall fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)	Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986
capitulum	capitulum may contain larva	Larinus planus - a weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)	Morris, M.G., 2002
capitulum	capitulum may contain larva	Rhinocyllus conicus - a weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)	Morris, M.G., 2002
capitulum	capitulum may contain larva	Acanthiophilus helianthi - a gall fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)	White, I.M., 1988
capitulum	capitulum is visited for nectar and/or pollen by adult	Physocephala rufipes - a thick-headed fly (Diptera: Conopidae)	Smith, K.G.V., 1969
inflorescence	inflorescence is galled by larva	Urophora stylata - a gall fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)	Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986
inflorescence	inflorescence is galled by larva	Jaapiella cirsiicola - a gall midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)	Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986
leaf	leaf is grazed by larva	Cassida rubiginosa - Thistle Tortoise Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)	Bullock, J.A., 1992
leaf	leaf is grazed by imago	Cassida rubiginosa - Thistle Tortoise Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)	Bullock, J.A., 1992
leaf	leaf is grazed by imago	Cassida vibex - a tortoise beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)	Bullock, J.A., 1992
leaf	leaf is grazed by larva	Cassida vibex - a tortoise beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)	Bullock, J.A., 1992
leaf	leaf is grazed by imago	Crepidodera ferruginea - a flea beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)	Bullock, J.A., 1992
leaf	leaf is grazed by larva	Crepidodera ferruginea - a flea beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)	Bullock, J.A., 1992
leaf	leaf is grazed by larva	Psylliodes chalcomera - a flea beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)	Bullock, J.A., 1992
leaf	leaf is grazed by imago	Psylliodes chalcomera - a flea beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)	Bullock, J.A., 1992
leaf	leaf is grazed by imago	Sphaeroderma rubidum - a flea beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)	Bullock, J.A., 1992
leaf	leaf is grazed by larva	Sphaeroderma rubidum - a flea beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)	Bullock, J.A., 1992
leaf	leaf is grazed by larva	Sphaeroderma testaceum - a flea beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)	Bullock, J.A., 1992
leaf	leaf is grazed by imago	Sphaeroderma testaceum - a flea beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)	Bullock, J.A., 1992
root (after stem)	root (after stem) may contain larva	Cheilosia grossa - a hoverfly (Diptera: Syrphidae)	Rotheray, G.E., 1993
root	root is galled by	Cleonis piger - Large Thistle Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)	Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986 Bullock, J.A., 1992
root	root is parasitised by underground tuber	Orobanche reticulata - Thistle Broomrape (Orobanchaceae)	Clapham, A.R., Tutin, T.G. & Moore, D.M., 1985 Stace, C., 1997
stem (then root)	stem (then root) may contain larva	Cheilosia grossa - a hoverfly (Diptera: Syrphidae)	Rotheray, G.E., 1993
stem	stem is foodplant of larva	Lixus angustatus - a weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)	Morris, M.G., 2002
stem	stem is galled by	Cleonis piger - Large Thistle Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)	Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986 Bullock, J.A., 1992
stem	stem may contain larva	Apion gibbirostre - a seed weevil (Coleoptera: Apionidae)	Morris, M.G., 1990 Bullock, J.A., 1992
stem	stem may contain larva	Apion onopordi - a seed weevil (Coleoptera: Apionidae)	Morris, M.G., 1990 Bullock, J.A., 1992
stem	stem may contain larva	Cleonis piger - Large Thistle Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)	Morris, M.G., 2002
stem	stem may contain larva	Lixus elongatus - a weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)	Morris, M.G., 2002
stem	stem may contain larva	Melanagromyza aeneoventris - a leaf-mining fly (Diptera: Agromyzidae)	Spencer, K.A., 1976
stem?	stem? may contain larva	Apion carduorum - a seed weevil (Coleoptera: Apionidae)	Morris, M.G., 1990 Bullock, J.A., 1992

Carduus may be associated with more taxa listed at higher taxonomic level

MAGNOLIOPSIDA
(flowering plants)

MAGNOLIIDAE
(dicotyledonous flowering plants)

ASTERACEAE
(daisies, dandelions and thistles - formerly Compositae)

References

Bullock, J.A., 1992	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations
Clapham, A.R., Tutin, T.G. & Moore, D.M., 1985	Flora of the British Isles
Morris, M.G., 1990	Orthocerous Weevils
Morris, M.G., 1997	Broad-Nosed Weevils (Entiminae)
Morris, M.G., 2002	True Weevils (Part I): Family Curculionidae, subfamilies Raymondionyminae to Smicronychinae
Rotheray, G.E., 1993	Colour Guide to Hoverfly Larvae (Diptera, Syrphidae) in Britain and Europe
Smith, K.G.V., 1969	Diptera: Conopidae
Spencer, K.A., 1976	The Agromyzidae (Diptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark
Stace, C., 1997	New Flora of the British Isles (Ed 2)
Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls
White, I.M., 1988	Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae)