D
diffusate - Di Guglielmo's syndrome
diffusate (dif·fu·sate)
(dĭ-fu´zāt)
1. material that has passed through a membrane, as opposed to the retentate.
2. specifically, the solutes that pass out of the blood into the dialysate fluid in a dialyzer; sometimes also referred to as the dialysate.
diffuse (dif·fuse)
[dis-1 + fundere to pour]
1. (dĭ-fūs´) not definitely limited or localized; widely distributed.
2. (dĭ-fūz´) to pass through or to spread widely through a tissue or structure.
diffusible (dif·fus·ible)
(dĭ-fūz´ĭ-bəl)
susceptible of becoming widely spread.
diffusiometer (dif·fu·si·om·e·ter)
(dĭ-fu”ze-om´ə-tər)
an apparatus for measuring the speed of diffusion.
diffusion (dif·fu·sion)
(dĭ-fu´zhən)
1. the process of becoming diffused, or widely spread.
2. the spontaneous movement of molecules or other particles in solution, owing to their random thermal motion, to reach a uniform
concentration throughout the solvent, a process requiring no addition of energy to the system.
3. the movement of solutes down concentration gradients across a semipermeable membrane such as a hemodialyzer membrane; the movement is generally of urea and low molecular weight toxins from the blood to the dialysate and of bicarbonate and acetate from the dialysate to the blood.
4. immunodiffusion.
double d.
immunodiffusion in which both the antigen and antibody diffuse through the medium toward each other.
double d. in one dimension
double diffusion in which antiserum is placed in a test tube and overlaid with agar; the agar is allowed to solidify and antigen
is layered over it. Precipitin lines form where the concentrations of each antigen and antibody are equivalent. Called also
Oakley-Fulthorpe technique.
double d. in two dimensions
double diffusion in which antigen and antiserum are placed in wells cut in an agar plate; antigen solutions to be compared
are placed in wells equidistant from the antiserum well. Three principal types of reaction may occur, reaction of identity, reaction of nonidentity, and reaction of partial identity (see under reaction), each identified by a characteristic pattern of precipitin lines, indicating the extent to which the antigen samples a share
antigenic determinants. Called also Ouchterlony technique.
exchange d.
the process in which diffusion of a molecule across a membrane in one direction is balanced by diffusion of another molecule
in the opposite direction.
facilitated d.
diffusion across a plasma membrane or other biological membrane in which the molecules to be transported form complexes with specific transport proteins (uniporters) that shuttle them across the membrane and release them on the other side; movement along the concentration gradient is downward. Called also uniport.
free d.
diffusion in which there is no obstacle such as a membrane.
gel d.
immunodiffusion.
impeded d.
diffusion in which the rate is slowed down by the difficulty of passing through a membrane.
single d.
immunodiffusion in which either the antibody or antigen remains fixed and the other reactant diffuses through it.
single radial d.
a quantitative immunodiffusion technique in which the antigen solutions are placed in wells cut in an agar plate containing
antiserum; the area or diameter of the precipitin ring around an unknown solution is compared with the rings of a serial dilution
of a standard antigen solution to determine the amount of antigen present in the unknown. Called also radial immunodiffusion (RID).
thermal d.
thermodiffusion.
diflorasone diacetate (di·flor·a·sone di·ac·e·tate)
(di-flor´ə-sōn)
[USP] a synthetic corticosteroid used topically for the relief of inflammation and pruritus in corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses.
Diflucan (Di·flu·can)
(di´floo-kan)
trademark for preparations of fluconazole.
diflucortolone valerate (di·flu·cor·to·lone va·ler·ate)
(di”floo-kor´tə-lōn”)
a medium potency synthetic corticosteroid used topically for the relief of inflammation and pruritus in corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses.
diflunisal (di·flu·ni·sal)
(di-floo´nĭ-səl)
[USP] a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug derived from salicyclic acid, having analgesic activity but lacking antipyretic activity; used in the treatment of rheumatic
disorders, acute attacks of gout or calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease, dysmenorrhea, and pain associated with various nonrheumatic inflammatory conditions or vascular headaches.
Dig. (Dig.)
[L.]
digera´tur (let it be digested).
digallic acid (di·gal·lic ac·id)
(di-gal´ik)
an incorrect term for tannic acid.
digametic (di·ga·met·ic)
(di”gə-met´ik)
1. pertaining to or producing gametes (germ or sex cells) of two different types, female (oocytes) and male (spermatozoa).
2. heterogametic.
digastric (di·gas·tric)
(di-gas´trik)
[di- + gastric]
1. having two bellies.
2. musculus digastricus.
digenesis (di·gen·e·sis)
(di-jen´ə-sis)
alternation of generation.
digenetic (di·ge·net·ic)
(di”jə-net´ik)
[di- + genetic]
having two stages of multiplication, one sexual in the mature forms, the other asexual in the larval stages; said of flukes
and many other parasites.
DiGeorge's syndrome (Di·George's syndrome)
(dĭ-jor´jəz)
[Angelo Mario DiGeorge, American pediatrician, born 1921]
see under syndrome.
digestant (di·ges·tant)
(di-jes´tənt)
1. assisting or stimulating digestion.
2. an agent that assists or stimulates digestion.
digestion (di·ges·tion)
(di-jes´chən)
[L. digestio, from dis- apart + gerere to carry]
1. the process or act of converting food into chemical substances that can be absorbed and assimilated.
2. the subjection of a body to prolonged heat and moisture, so as to disintegrate and soften it.
artificial d.
that which is performed outside the body.
biliary d.
the digestive effect of the bile upon food.
gastric d.
that which is carried on in the stomach by aid of the gastric juice; called also peptic d. and chymification.
gastrointestinal d.
the gastric and intestinal digestions together; called also primary d.
intercellular d.
digestion carried on within an organ by secretions from the cells of the organ.
intestinal d.
that which is carried on in the intestine.
intracellular d.
digestion carried on within a single cell.
lipolytic d.
the splitting of fat into fatty acid and glycerol.
pancreatic d.
that which is performed by the pancreatic secretion.
parenteral d.
digestion taking place somewhere else in the body than in the alimentary canal, as in the blood or under the skin.
peptic d.
gastric d.
primary d.
gastrointestinal d.
salivary d.
the change of starch into maltose by the saliva.
sludge d.
the biochemical process by which organic matter in sludge is gasified, liquefied, mineralized, or converted into more stable
organic matter.
digestive (di·ges·tive)
(di-jes´tiv)
1. pertaining to digestion.
2. digestant.
Digibind (Dig·i·bind)
(dij´ĭ-bīnd”)
trademark for a preparation of digoxin immune Fab (ovine).
digit (dig·it)
(dij´it)
[L. digitus]
digitus.
digital (dig·i·tal)
(dij´ĭ-təl)
1. of, pertaining to, or performed with, a finger.
2. resembling the imprint of a finger.
3. pertaining to numerical methods or discrete variables.
digitalin (dig·i·tal·in)
(dij”ĭ-tal´in)
1. a cardiac glycoside, C36H56O14, from the seeds of Digitalis purpurea.
2. any of several mixtures of digitalis glycosides extracted from the leaves or seeds.
Digitalis (Dig·i·tal·is)
(dij”ĭ-tal´is)
[L., from digitus finger, because of the finger-like leaves of the corolla of its flowers]
a genus of herbs of the family Scrophulariaceae, native to Europe and Asia. D. purpu´rea is the purple foxglove, whose leaves furnish digitalis. D. lana´ta is a Balkan species that yields digoxin and lanatoside.
digitalis (dig·i·tal·is)
(dij”ĭ-tal´is)
1.
[USP] the dried leaf of Digitalis purpurea, the purple foxglove, used to treat congestive heart failure, most supraventricular tachycardias, and cardiogenic shock. Digitalis
and the digitalis glycosides act by increasing the force of myocardial contraction and by increasing the refractory period
and decreasing the conduction rate of the atrioventricular node. When digitalis is prescribed, powdered d. (q.v.) is to be dispensed.
2. collectively, the digitalis glycosides or the cardiac glycosides.
3.
[TA] any fingerlike structure.
d. leaf
digitalis (def. 1).
powdered d.
[USP]
, prepared d.
the standardized preparation to be dispensed when digitalis is prescribed; its actions and uses are as for digitalis; administered
orally.
digitalization (dig·i·tal·iza·tion)
(dij”ĭ-təl-ĭ-za´shən)
the administration of digitalis or one of its glycosides in a dosage schedule designed to produce and then maintain optimal
therapeutic concentrations of its cardiotonic glycosides.
digitaloid (dig·i·tal·oid)
(dij´ĭ-təl-oid)
resembling or related to digitalis.
digitate (dig·i·tate)
(dij´ĭ-tāt)
having fingerlike processes. Called also dactylate.
digitatio (dig·i·ta·tio)
(dij”ĭ-ta´she-o)
pl. digitatio´nes
[L.]
digitation: a fingerlike process.
d.´nes hippocam´pi
[TA]
pes hippocampi.
digitation (dig·i·ta·tion)
(dij”ĭ-ta´shən)
1. digitatio.
2. surgical creation of a functioning digit.
digitationes (dig·i·ta·ti·o·nes)
(dij”ĭ-ta”she-o´nez)
[L.]
plural of digitatio.
Digitek (Dig·i·tek)
(dij´ĭ-tek)
trademark for preparations of digoxin.
digiti (dig·i·ti)
(dij´ĭ-ti)
[L.]
genitive and plural of digitus.
digitiform (dig·i·ti·form)
(dij´ĭ-tĭ-form)
resembling a finger; fingerlike.
digitigrade (dig·i·ti·grade)
(dij´ĭ-tĭ-grād”)
[digitus + L. gradi to walk]
characterized by standing or walking on the toes, with the posterior part of the foot being raised; said of quadrupeds such
as cats and dogs. Cf. plantigrade and unguligrade.
digitonin (dig·i·to·nin)
(dij”ĭ-to´nin)
a saponin obtained from Digitalis purpurea; it possesses no cardiotonic action and is used as a reagent to precipitate free cholesterol.
digitoplantar (dig·i·to·plan·tar)
(dij”ĭ-to-plan´tər)
[digitus + plantar]
pertaining to the toes and the sole of the foot.
digitoxigenin (di·gi·toxi·ge·nin)
(dij”ĭ-tok”sĭ-je´nin)
the steroid nucleus that is the aglycone of digitoxin.
digitoxin (dig·i·tox·in)
(dij”ĭ-tok´sin)
[USP] a cardiac glycoside obtained from Digitalis purpurea, D. lanata, and other Digitalis species, containing 3 molecules of digitoxose linked to digitoxigenin; it has the same actions and uses as digitalis; administered orally, intramuscularly, or intravenously.
digitoxose (dig·i·tox·ose)
(dij”ĭ-tok´sōs)
a hexose sugar that forms the carbohydrate moiety of the cardiac glycosides obtained from Digitalis.
digitus (dig·i·tus)
(dij´ĭ-təs)
pl. dig´iti
[L.]
[TA] digit: a finger or a toe; see also ossa digitorum manus and ossa digitorum pedis, under os2.
d. anula´ris
[TA]
ring finger: the fourth digit of the hand. Called also d. quartus (IV) manus [TA alternative].
d. hippocra´ticus
clubbed finger.
d. mal´leus
mallet finger.
di´giti ma´nus
[TA]
the digits of the hand; the fingers. See pollex, index (def. 1), d. medius, d. anularis, and d. minimus manus.
d. me´dius
[TA]
middle finger: the third digit of the hand; called also d. tertius (III) manus [TA alternative].
d. mi´nimus ma´nus
[TA]
little finger: the fifth, and smallest, digit of the hand; called also d. quintus (V) manus [TA alternative].
d. mi´nimus pe´dis
[TA]
little toe: the fifth, and smallest, digit of the foot; called also d. quintus (V) pedis [TA alternative].
d. mor´tuus
[L.]
dead finger.
di´giti pe´dis
[TA]
the digits of the foot; the toes. See hallux, d. secundus pedis, d. tertius pedis, d. quartus pedis, and d. minimus pedis.
d. postmi´nimus
an appendage ranging from a small round mass of fat and connective tissue to a longer mass containing bones and with a nail
at its distal end, attached by a small pedicle to the soft tissue covering the lateral surface of the little finger or toe.
d. pri´mus (I) ma´nus
TA alternative for pollex.
d. pri´mus (I) pe´dis
TA alternative for hallux.
d. quar´tus (IV) ma´nus
TA alternative for d. anularis.
d. quar´tus (IV) pe´dis
[TA]
the fourth digit of the foot.
d. quin´tus (V) ma´nus
TA alternative for d. minimus manus.
d. quin´tus (V) pe´dis
TA alternative for d. minimus pedis.
d. secun´dus (II) ma´nus
TA alternative for index.
d. secun´dus (II) pe´dis
[TA]
the second digit of the foot.
d. ter´tius (III) ma´nus
TA alternative for d. medius.
d. ter´tius (III) pe´dis
[TA]
the third digit of the foot.
d. val´gus
deviation of a digit in the radial direction, or toward the digit of next lower number.
d. va´rus
deviation of a digit in the ulnar direction, or toward the digit of next higher number.
diglossia (di·glos·sia)
(di-glos´e-ə)
[di- + gloss- + -ia]
bifid tongue.
diglyceride (di·glyc·er·ide)
(di´glis´ə-rīd)
diacylglycerol.
diglyceride acyltransferase (di·glyc·er·ide ac·yl·trans·fer·ase)
(di-glis´ər-īd a”səl-trans´fər-ās)
diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase.
diglyceride kinase (di·glyc·er·ide ki·nase)
(di-glis´ər-īd ki´nās)
diacylglycerol kinase.
dignathus (dig·na·thus)
(dig-na´thəs)
[di- + Gr. gnathos jaw]
a fetus with two lower jaws; see also myognathus.
digoxigenin (di·goxi·ge·nin)
(dĭ-jok”sĭ-je´nin)
the steroid nucleus that is the aglycone of digoxin.
digoxin (di·gox·in)
(dĭ-jok´sin)
[USP] a cardiac glycoside obtained from the leaves of Digitalis lanata, containing 3 molecules of digitoxose linked to digoxigenin, and having the same actions and uses as digitalis; administered
orally, intramuscularly, or intravenously.
d. immune Fab (ovine)
see under Fab.
Digramma brauni (Di·gram·ma brau·ni)
(di-gram´ə braw´ne)
a larval tapeworm belonging to the family Diphyllobothriidae, found in humans in Romania; formerly called Diplogonoporus brauni.
Di Guglielmo's syndrome (Di Gu·gli·el·mo's syndrome)
(de goo-lyel´mōz)
[Giovanni Di Guglielmo, Italian hematologist, 1886–1961]
erythroleukemia.
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