Sixty and Counting
60th Anniversary Commemorative Collection
1929-1989
NOVEMBER 2, 1929
TWENTY-SIX WOMEN gathered at
Curtiss Airport, Valley Stream, New York. First order of business
was selection of Neva Paris as temporary chairman. Business was
conducted in a hangar above the din of a Curtiss Challenger engine
running up as the work of the mechanics proceeded around them.
Tea was served from a toolbox wagon on wheels.
Club eligibility and purpose
were quickly decided upon. Membership would be open to any woman
with a pilot's license, and the purpose was "good fellowship,
jobs, and a central office and files on women in aviation."
Choosing a name was a little harder. Some suggestions were The
Climbing Vines, Noisy Birdwomen, Homing Pigeons and Gadflies.
Amelia
Earhart and Jean Davis
Hoyt put a stop to the nonsense, proposing the name be taken
from the sum total of charter members. Thus, the group was momentarily
the 86s, then the 97s and finally the 99s. Amelia Earhart became
the group's first elected president in 1931.
Each member was an outstanding
person in her own right. They made contributions to aviation
totally out of proportion to their numbers.
OF THE FOUR who signed the original letter of invitation to form
a women pilots' organization, Fay Gillis
Wells has continued a lifetime involvement in aviation and
service to her beloved 99s. She just happened to be living in
Russia, working as a journalist, when her friend, Wiley Post,
decided to fly solo around the world. Fay supervised his refueling
in Siberia, no mean feat, contributing to his world record. He
later invited Fay to accompany him on another record attempt,
and Fay was forced to decide whether to fly with Wiley Post or
honeymoon with Linton Wells in Africa. When she declined his
invitation, Post took along the world-famous humorist, Will Rogers,
and they were killed in Alaska, August l5, 1935.
On another occasion, Fay
Gillis Wells proved that hers was a charmed life. The day
after her first solo, she was flying an experimental airplane
with her instructor. The craft was overpowered, and they literally
tore it apart. Both fell out, and some 400 feet above the ground
Fay figured out how to pull her parachute ripcord for a safe
landing. Thus Fay qualified for membership in the Caterpillar
Club, open only to those who have bailed out of an airplane to
save their lives.
THE RACERS were the early women
of the hour - those marvelous women and their flying machines.
Amelia Earhart was to become the most
famous woman pilot of all time, but in 1929 she was but one of
a dozen glamorous, daring female aviators.
Amelia had flown the Atlantic
as a passenger, gaining fame and adulation. In 1932 she realized
her dream of crossing the Atlantic alone, for which she reaped
international honors, and other record flights followed. A strong
advocate of awakening women's potential, Amelia encouraged young
girls to dream big. About women and aviation, she observed, "The
more women fly, the more who become pilots, the quicker will
we be recognized as an important factor in aviation."
Ninety-Nines who knew her remember
her as warm and feminine, a catalyst for achievement. Her parting
words to Louise Thaden were, "If I should bop off, it'll
be doing the thing that I've always wanted to do."
ANOTHER SPARKLING STAR of the
day was Louise Thaden, who had convinced Walter Beech that she
should help him gain recognition for his airplane. She promptly
gained an altitude record, an endurance record, and then a speed
record in the Beech Travel Air. More records fell to this whirlwind,
then in 1936 the all-male Bendix Trophy Race was opened to women.
Along with Blanche Noyes, Louise flew to first place in a Staggerwing
Beech. That year Louise Thaden was awarded the Harmon Trophy
as the world's outstanding flier.
The late '20s was aviation's
adolescence, a time to prove oneself and shout to the world,
"Here I am!" Air races, endurance flights, altitude
and speed records were the challenges. Engine failures and off-airport
landings were expected. Aviators were colorful and adored, and
Ruth Elder was a heroine.
FIVE MONTHS after Lindbergh's
epic Flight, Ruth Elder and George Haldeman took off for Paris
in a Stinson monoplane named "The American Girl." Encountering
storms over the Atlantic, they made it to within 360 miles of
the Azores, when an oil leak forced them to land in the water.
Rescued by a Dutch oil tanker, the beautiful aviatrix went on
to a successful Hollywood acting career.
Always an international organization,
The 99s included Jessie Keith-Miller, an Australian, and Thea Rasche, a German, in their charter
group. Keith-Miller competed in the 1929 Women's Air Derby, and
Rasche, who became a famous stunt flier, was invited to fly air
shows in America. Quotable offered sage advice, "Flying
is more thrilling than love for a man, and far less dangerous."
Approaching and after the outbreak
of World War II, 99s devoted themselves to the war effort. American
socialite Ruth Nichols founded Relief Wings, which she turned
over to the Civil Air Patrol after the outbreak of the war. The
Tennessee Bureau of Aeronautics named Phoebe Omlie to supervise
a program to aid the war effort by training a select group of
women as flight instructors, replacing the men gone to war.
In 1942, Betty Huyler became
one of the original group of 25 women forming the Women's Auxiliary
Ferrying Squadron (WAFS) organized by Nancy Harkness Love. They
ferried aircraft for the Army Air Corps, and later became WASPS,
ferrying fighters, bombers, transports, cargo and utility aircraft
to England. For nine years following her move to the Ryan Aeronautical
Company in California, Betty directed the Powder Puff Derby.
A charter member of 99s, she
served as president and helped establish the Amelia
Earhart Memorial Scholarship.
Jacqueline Cochran's credentials
and fame had been solidly established before the war. Yet she
went on to fly a Northrop T-38 jet and break every speed, attitude
and distance record for women. In 1962 she established over 30
speed records in a Lockheed Jetstar. Later she flew 1,429 mph
in a Lockheed F-104G Starfighter.
A large number of pilots seem
to have come from nursing ranks and Edna Gardner Whyte, who started
flying in 1926, takes pride in the R.N. after her signature.
She has taught thousands of people to fly. Her passion has always
been competition and she has over I00 trophies testifying to
her piloting skills. She served 99s as president in the mid-fifties
and continues to take great interest in job breakthroughs for
women pilots.
Edna tells the story of the student
who said she had taught his instructor's instructor and asked
what relation that made them. "You are my great-grand pilot,"
she laughingly replied.
Air Marking
NINETY-NINES have consistently
had many special interests. Two which have remained strong for
most of the organization's life are Amelia Earhart/99s Scholarships,
which have been financially able to grow into more productivity
every year since their inception April 7, 1940, and the Air
Marking Program.
If you haven't wielded a paintbrush
or roller on an air marking exercise, you're either a new 99
or a lazy one! With Blanche Noyes as president of The 99s in
1935, air marking began when pilots didn't have OMNI, ADFs or
DME, and even the charts were doubtful. Where a pilot WAS could
be a major problem. Many of those who pushed for the program
were charter 99s and Noyes remained as the FAA's chairman of
airmarking until the '70s.
Amelia Earhart
Scholarship Program
As a living memorial to the first
president, Amelia Earhart, 99s established
the AE Scholarship program to strengthen
and cement women's permanent place in aviation. The governing
body is a Board of Trustees, two of whom are permanent; three
are elected by the 99s. They have the responsibility of investing
and acquiring the monies to continue the Fund and, through the
efforts of outside judges, dispersing scholarships to the most
deserving candidates.
Racing the winds
BY 1942, women were finally being
taken more seriously as good professional pilots. Paths of succeeding
women pilots were smoothed by the courage of women who were flying
in the '30s.
The first All-Woman Air Show
at Tampa, Florida, in March 1947, was sponsored by the Florida
Chapter of the Soust Section; Jeannette Lemke Sovereign was president
of the 99s. It was reported that over 13,000 people watched as
Marge Hurlburt set a new international women's speed record of
337 mph.
AIR RACES have been of supreme
interest to 99s since their beginning. Endurance races, then
big ones like the Bendix or Cleveland, and the transcontinental
air races, small ones staged for section meetings and conventions,
the All-Women's International Air Race, the Angel Derby, have
had many enthusiastic boosters.
Other races 99s have originated,
developed and flown in are Formula 1, many proficiency air races,
the Kachina Doll Air Race in Arizona, the Indiana Fairladies
Air Races, the ever-popular Palms to Pines Air Race, and likely
the largest and oldest proficiency race, the Michigan Small Race.
Dozens of others, like the New England Air Race, have drawn competitors
from many states and from Canada. Of major importance is the
AWTAR, the Powder Puff Derby.
It was almost a tradition that,
wherever the Powder Puff Derby touched, a new chapter was born.
On June 29, 1974, the day which had been scheduled for the Powder
Puff Derby takeoff from Riverside, the Winners' Wall was dedicated.
Throngs enjoyed the events, which included chartering of the
Inland California Chapter of The 99s.
PRESIDENT LYNDON JOHNSON announced
the formation of the FAA's Women's Advisory Committee on Aviation,
May 4, 1964. Most of the 27 non-government members, including
Jane Hart and Jean Ross Howard, co-chairman, and five government
members, were 99s. Although members of this committee pushed
for admission of women to NASA, they were 17 years too early
to become astronauts. In 1961, Jerrie Cobb was the first female
to pass all three phases of the Mercury Astronaut Program. Twelve
other 99s passed the series of 75 exhaustive physical competence
tests and laboratory tests. They were rejected, and the first
female in space was Russian.
Jerrie Cobb was deeply discouraged
by the failure of NASA to put a female in space, and the same
year (1964) became a jungle pilot in the Amazon. She has devoted
all her resources and talents to helping Indian tribes in unexplored
parts of six countries.
Through years of dogged, persistent
persuasion, Clara T. Studer, first editor of the 99 NEWS, prodded
the United States Post Office into issuing the Amelia Earhart
eight-cent commemorative stamp on her birthday, July 24, 1963.
Before that, honorees were restricted to those who had been dead
for 25 years.
The 99s' humanitarian work is
legion. Happy Flyers, Flying Samaritans, Blood Flights and medical
airlifts are good examples.
Happy Flyers, an international
organization of hams and pilots, was co- founded by Janie Postiethwaite,
receiver of her chapter's Pilot of the Year Award in 1976, and
her husband, Hartley. For the first time, through development
of new techniques and special equipment for ELT monitoring and
DF radio location, rescuers could be led to a crash site accurately
and quickly.
Powder Puff Derby winner Aileen
Saunders, another honors recipient, was at the controls of a
plane weathered-in in El Rosario, Mexico, in 1961. She and the
99s with her found a desperately poor village in need of food,
clothing and medical supplies. Their first pre-Christmas airlift
included a doctor, and from this experience grew the bi-weekly
airlifts, year-round, of the Flying Samaritans.
Blood flights, carrying donated
blood from outlying towns to city processing centers, have spread
to 99 chapters all over the country since they were begun in
1975 by the Minnesota Chapter.
Ninety-Nines have also set up,
through DRF, an informal transportation of medicines cross-country,
eventually going into Mexico. A 99 flies her own aircraft full
of medical supplies to another 99, who flies the next leg. Pat
McEwen, for instance, former international president, at one
time used her hangar as a way station loaded with donated medical
supplies to be ferried on west.
1960 and beyond
IN THE 60s, military services
began opening more doors to women, including positions as jet
pilots. Pioneering in this arena were Naval aviators Rosemary
Conatser and Judith Ann Neuffer. Many women, including Lorraine
Jenick and Jan Dietrich, began flying more sophisticated planes
as corporate pilots. In 1968, Dietrich was the first U.S. woman
to receive an ATP in four-engine jets.
IN JANUARY 1978, the first group
of six women scientists were selected for astronaut training:
Anna Fisher, Shannon Lucid, Judith Resnik, Sally Ride, Margaret
Seddon and Kathryn Sullivan.
DISTINGUISHED AUTHOR, Mardo Crane
reported on the changes that she had seen in the first 50 years
of The 99s for a special issue of THE 99 NEWS in November 1979.
Crane learned to fly in 1933. She joined the WASPs in 1943, and
two years later became a 99. Her works include "Fly Down
of the WASP" and "Ladies! Rev Up Your Engines,"
a story of the Powder Puff Derby, which she founded in 1947.
A number of "firsts"
were marked by 99s in 1979. Kathleen Snaper captured two endurance
records, one for low- altitude flying and the other for covering
the longest distance in a closed course at low altitude. Susan
Horstman became the first woman copilot for National Airlines.
Jerrie Cobb and Ida Van Smith received Bishop Wright Air Industry
Awards. Carolyn Curies was named Educator of the Year by the
American Society for Aerospace Education. Joyce Case became the
first and only woman on the Beech production flight test team,
and Betty Roberts became the first female airworthiness inspector
for the FAA.
WHEN, in 1980, the first Women's
Aerobatic Team was fielded, 99s Betty Stewart and Paula Moore,
along with team member Patti Johnson, swept many awards at the
World Competition.
Julie Clark Ames became the first
woman to fly with the Confederate Air Force as a pilot, and Janice
Brown, chairman of the Bakersfield Chapter, piloted the Solar
Challenger, setting records for solar flight in altitude, distance
flown and time airborne. In December 1982, Janice received the
Harmon Trophy in a presentation at the White House by President
Ronald Reagan. The Harmon Trophy, named for pioneer aviator Colonel
Clifford D. Harmon, is awarded to outstanding aviators.
BY THE EARLY '80s, opportunities
for women pilots in the military had sharply increased. The Air
Force accepted 30 to 50 women per year for pilot training, while
the Navy flying program was training about 15 women a year in
1981.
IN SEPTEMBER 1981, Australian
Senja Robey was invested with the livery of the Guild of Air
Pilots and Air Navigation. She was only the fourth woman to be
so honored.
In November, the International
Board of the 99s accepted management responsibility for USPFT,
which was previously managed by the National Pilots Association.
Hazel Jones, who served on the International Board of 99s at
that time, saw this project as an exciting opportunity for the
organization.
The 50th anniversary of Amelia
Earhart's 1932 solo flight across the Atlantic was celebrated
at Forest of Friendship ceremonies in
Atchison, Kansas.
PROVING THAT DISABLED doesn't
mean unable, Handi-Flyers, Inc., the creation of Jack Gentry
based in Hawaii, was Eleanor Sharpe's "ticket to ride"
to her private pilot's license. After several years of medical
problems, during which the FAA denied her recertification, she
set a precedent by becoming the first person to be recertified
after having had an artificial heart valve implanted.
The 99s' Aerospace Workshop joined
the National Congress on Aerospace Education, April 1-3, 1982,
at Atlanta, Georgia. This Congress provides 99s the opportunity
to offer their services to hundreds of educators. and community
members, pilots and non-pilots, as well. At the same Congress,
the 99s received the Crown Circle Award.
A GALA RECEPTION, featuring the
unveiling of a stainless steel sculpture of Amelia Earhart, was
held at 99s' International Headquarters in Oklahoma City March
25, 1983. Many city officials and aviation friends attended.
Debbie and Jack Scharr, St. Louis art patrons, commissioned artist
Don Wiegand to create the sculpture in memory of Earhart's contributions
to aviation.
Fiorenza de Bernardi was elected
president of the European Women Pilots Association, and Pat Dennehy
set five world-class speed-over-distance records in a flight
from Wichita, Kansas, to Morristown, New Jersey, in her 30-year-old
C-170.
SAFECON '83 was held at the Air
National Guard base at Kellogg Field, Battle Creek, Michigan.
Competing were winners of regional National Intercollegiate Flying
Association (NIFA) contests. A computer program for scoring SAFECON
was tested; this gift was developed to enable judges to arrive
at the awards banquet with the correct scores.
The 99s' first Flyaway, in 1963,
honored the AE eight-cent commemorative airmail stamp. In 1973,
the second Flyaway celebrated groundbreaking ceremonies for the
International Forest of Friendship, a gift to America on her
200th birthday from the 99s and the City of Atchison. Pine seedlings
were flown to all the state capitals as a bond of friendship
from the Forest for the greening of America.
June 17, 1983, Dr. Sally Kristen
Ride, NASA astronaut and member of The 99s, made history as the
first U.S. woman in space, serving as a specialist for STS-7
on the six-day flight of the orbiter, Challenger.
ANNOUNCEMENT WAS MADE in January
1984 of a $25,000 gift from Gerry Mickelsen for The 99s' Oral
History Program. A former international president, Gerry donated
the fund for the specific purpose of taping oral histories of
early 99s and other women pilots. Completed histories are placed
in the Resource Center at International Headquarters. Gerry's
gift was a huge boost to the preservation of women's role in
aviation history.
In August 1984, three 99s held
positions on the nine-member U.S. Aerobatic Team which competed
in the World Championships in Hungary. They were Brigette de
St. Phalle, Judy Pfile and Debby Rihn, all of whom were veteran
pilots with a special love for flying aerobatics. Two 99s, Dr.
Hope Isaacson, Minnesota Chapter, and Chanda Budhabhatti, governor
of the India Section, presented papers to the World Aerospace
Education Congress in Washington, D.C. A highlight of 1984 was
the acquisition of the birthplace of Amelia Earhart in Atchison,
Kansas.
COMMEMORATING Amelia Earhart's
historic January 1935 flight as the first pilot to solo from
Hawaii to the Mainland, 100 of the original 1963 AE eight-cent
stamps were recanceled in Honolulu January 11, 1985. Fay Gillis
Wells hand-carried the 100 covers, formed with the Eleanor Roosevelt
stamp added, to Honolulu. (Eleanor Roosevelt was a great admirer
and close friend of Amelia Earhart.) Wells worked with the Aloha
Chapter to get the covers canceled and off to the Mainland.
The United States Precision Flying
Team (USPFT) championships were held June 5-8 in Kissimmee, Florida,
to select five pilots to represent the U.S. in the Sixth World
Precision Flying Championships. Foothills Chapter 99 Carolyn
Pilaar was the overall winner to lead the U.S. team. Eight out
of the 32 competitors were women, all 99s. Starting in May, 99s
from the area pitched in to help.
The World Precision Flying Competitions
(WPFC) in August were also hosted by The 99s. Jody McCarrell,
USPFT and WPFC chief navigation Judge, reported that the chief
of the World Jury, Peter Nissen, observed, as 99s came from everywhere,
that he had never seen so many women involved in such an event
and doing such a great job.
The Frank G. Brewer Award, highest
honor given in the U.S. for significant contributions of enduring
value to aerospace education, was awarded to Washington, D.C.
99 Mary Jo Knouff on September 18, 1985. Her impressive credentials
testify to her lifetime dedication to aviation and space education.
After gaining a most respectable national and international reputation,
she retired in 1985 from her position as education specialist
of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).
Back to Basics
THE FAA and 99s joined hands
to promote a three-year program designed to promote the most
intensive aviation safety effort ever undertaken by either organization.
"Back to Basics," a concept born from the realization
that most general aviation accidents are the direct result of
not using basic flying skills learned as a private pilot, has
been supported by all U.S. chapters.
On Sunday, November 2, 1986,
the 57th anniversary date of The 99s, groundbreaking ceremonies
were held at the International Headquarters located on the grounds
of Will Rogers Airport in Oklahoma City. Civic and state leaders
were present.
On December 29, 1986, for the
first time in America's history, and possibly in commercial aviation
history, an all-female flight crew, led by a woman from Arlington,
Texas, was in control of the cockpit and cabin of a Boeing 727
jetliner. About 150 passengers and spectators crowded around
the gate to welcome the crew to the DFW Airport. The captain,
Beverly Bass, had been flying for 16 years, 10 of them for American
Airlines.
NINETY-NINE JEANA YEAGER and
fellow pilot Dick Rutan completed a nine-day, non-stop, around-the-world
flight in January 1987 in a cabin the size of a telephone booth.
Yeager, an engineer, worked on the drafting for Project Private
Enterprise, -an attempt to build a commercial rocket. She co-founded
Voyager Aircraft, Inc. with Rutan in 1981. She has experience
in mechanical, structural, architectural and aeronautical design,
as well, as commercial illustration. With more than 1,000 hours
of experience flying various general aviation and experimental
aircraft, Jeana holds eight world records for flight distance
and speed.
IRIS HARRIS, Alabama Chapter
99, received the prestigious A. Scott Crossfield Aerospace Education
of the Year Award in 1987 at the 20th National Congress on Aviation
and Space Education. She was cited for developing "Fantastic
Flight," an educational aviation awareness program. An early
element school program designed to teach aviation awareness and
its impact on society and the economy, the program uses the students'
natural fascination for aviation to make learning more meaningful
and exciting.
Formed the same year as The 99s,
in 1929, the National Intercollegiate Flying Club (NIFC) allows
students from across the nation to compete in a wide range of
areas, with special awards for individual and team championships.
In 1979, The 99s and NIFA agreed that 99s would provide half
the judging staff and all of the support staff for the National
Intercollegiate Flying Association (NIFA) nationals.
When The 99s assumed responsibility
for USPFT, they also agreed to invite the top five pilots from
the national SAFECON each year to try out for the USPFT team.
The team that represented the U.S. in 1987 came from the NIFA
ranks. NIFA graduates are found in all branches of military service,
and many return each year to help The 99s with the SAFECON.
As a finale to Australia and
New Zealands bicentennial year, the December 1988 issue of the
NINETY-NINE NEWS was dedicated to the Australian chapters.
All Australian 99s are members
of the Australian Women Pilots Association, Inc., was founded
with 49 women pilots on September 16, 1950; membership currently
totals some 600. Numerous awards, scholarships and grants are
presented women pilots each year.
The first lady of Australian
aviation is Lores Bonney, who was 81 on November 20, 1988. She
was the first to fly solo in a DH-60 Moth from Australia to England
in 1933 and from Australia to South Africa in 1937.
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