JAVAONE: Sun - The bulk of Java is open sourced

However, Sun hopes the open-source community will help it resolve the issue of Java source code that remains "encumbered," where Sun doesn't hold enough rights to release the code under GPLv2, according to Rich Sands, community marketing manager for OpenJDK community at Sun. While he declined to put a percentage on how much of Java's 6.5 million lines of code are encumbered, Sands said the issue was primarily with Java 2D graphics technology, particularly around font and graphics rasterizing. While open-source alternatives are already available, they don't currently support all the necessary features of the Java 2D API (application programming interface).

For now, Sun will provide plug-ins for the Java 2D technology that can be combined with the rest of Java available under GPLv2 so developers will have access to a complete Java Development Kit (JDK). In the future, Sun plans to work with the open-source community to rewrite the encumbered components to replace the current closed-source code and make it available under GPL2.

"The free software community and Sun must work together to replace that code with free software," Richard Stallman, the founder of the Free Software Foundation (FSF) and the creator of the GPL, said in a release. He described the encumbered Java code as representing "the one last obstacle [which] remains in liberating JDK and disarming the Java Trap completely." Stallman defined the Java Trap back in 2004 as the restrictions based on free software programs that depend on non-free software.

Sun first pledged to make Java freely available just over a year ago at JavaOne in May 2006 and then in November announced its somewhat surprising choice of open-source license and began releasing OpenJDK components. In all of the vendor's previous open sourcing of its software, Sun relied on its own CDDL (common development and distribution license). Java was the first time the vendor opted for GPL, a popular license with the free and open-source software community.

Sun's hoping that open sourcing Java under the GPL will lead to Linux distributors embedding the software in their operating systems and thus widening the technology's appeal to more developers. Last month, Mark Shuttleworth, the founder of Ubuntu, said once Java was fully available under GPL, Canonical Ltd., the commercial sponsor of the Linux distribution, would consider including the technology in the core of Ubuntu.

Software implementations based on OpenJDK can now use the Sun Java SE 6 Compatibility Kit to help developers establish compatibility with the current Java SE 6 specification, Sands said. Once such implementations achieve certification, developers will be able to use the "Java Compatible" brand.

Open sourcing Java represents one of the largest donations of code to the developer community, Sands said, but merely making software freely available is insufficient. "Open-source developers need to have rules and governance spelled out for them for how they use and interact with the code base," he added.

With that in mind, Sun is establishing an OpenJDK interim governance board, which is to create a constitution and gain the community's approval for it over the coming year. Sands wouldn't reveal the identities of the five-person board, other than to say only two of them will be Sun employees. A formal naming of the members will take place at JavaOne, he said.

Announced at JavaOne, the interim board's non-Sun members are Doug Lea, a professor at the State University of New York and a member of the Java Community Process; Dalibor Topic, a graduate student at the University of Saarland, Saarbrucken, Germany, who works at the Max-Planck Institute for Computer Science and is a member of the FSF; and Fabiane Biznella Nardon, the chief technology officer of Zilics, a Brazilian healthcare information systems provider. The Sun board members are Mark Reinhold, chief engineer, Java SE, who currently heads up the engineering team for the OpenJDK project, and Simon Phipps, Sun's chief open source officer.

Once a constitution is in place, the OpenJDK community will vote to elect a new governance board, again only two of whom will work for Sun, Sands added.

Celebrating his one-year anniversary with Sun after returning to the company in May 2006, Rich Green, executive vice president, software at Sun, described the last twelve months as "a remarkable year for Sun and for Java." He didn't give a timeline on when the vendor might look to embrace GPLv3, which is currently in draft form, nor on whether Sun might look to make its other open-source software, notably its OpenSolaris operating system also available under the GPL.

Sun will be highlighting its recent relationship with chip giant Intel Corp. at JavaOne and Green didn't rule out the possibility of a tie-up between Sun and IBM Corp. at some point. Back in January, Sun Chairman Scott McNealy said he'd love his company to work with IBM.