1908-1916 and 1916-1924 Al
Munquiz Al A'zam H.M. Hussein ibn 'Ali, Caliph
al-Islam, King of the Hijaz, Commander of the Faithful,
Grand Sharif and Amir of Mecca, GCB (c 11.3.1920). b.
at Constantinople, Turkey, 1854, eldest son of Sharif
'Ali bin Muhammad, by his wife, Salha, educ.
privately at Constantinople. Mbr. Turkish Cncl. of State
1891. Appointed by the Sultan of Turkey as Grand
Sharif and Amirof Mecca 29th
October 1908. Proclaimed the Arab Revolt at Mecca, Taif,
Jeddah and other towns 10th June 1916. Deposed
as Grand Sharif and Amir by the Sultan of Turkey 1st
July 1916. Proclaimed the independence of the Arabs 29th
October 1916. Proclaimed at the Holy Mosque, Mecca as Malik
al-Bilad al-'Arabiyya and Amir al-Mumenin
(King of the Arab and Commander of the Faithful)and
assumed the style of His Majesty, 2nd
November 1916. Recognised by the allied powers only as King
of the Hijaz, Commander of the Faithful, Grand Sharif and
Amirof Mecca, 6th November 1916
(confirmed in public 3rd January 1917).
Founded the Orders of the Renaissance in 1917 and
Independence in 1921. Proclaimed as Caliph al-Islam,
7th March 1924. Abdicated the temporal crown
in favour of his eldest son, 3rd October 1924.
Rcvd: the Collar of the Order of Muhammad 'Ali of
Egypt, and GC of the Order of the Legion of Honour of
France, the Imperial Orders of Glory (Atiq
Nishan-i-Iftikhar) (29.10.1908) and the Osmans (Nishan-i-Osmanieh)
of Turkey. m. (first) at Mecca, 1879, Sharifa
Abidiya Khanum (d. 1888), eldest daughter
of H.H. Amir 'Abdu'llah Kamil Pasha, Grand
Sharif of Mecca. m. (second) Madiha Khanum,
a Circassian. m. (third) 1882, Sharifa Khadija Khanum
(b. 1866; d. at Amman, Jordan, 4th
July 1921), daughter of daughter of H.H. Amir
'Abdu'llah Kamil Pasha, Grand Sharif of Mecca. m.
(fourth) 1895, H.M. Queen Adila Khanum (b.
at Constantinople, Turkey, 1879; d. at Larnaca,
Cyprus, 12th July 1929, bur. there at
the Hala Sultan (Umm Haram) Tekke), daughter of Salah Bey,
and grand-daughter of H.H. Mustafa Rashid Pasha,
sometime Grand Vizier of Turkey. He d. at Amman,
Jordan, 4th June 1931 (bur. outside the
western wall of the Haram as-Sharif, Jerusalem), having
had issue, five sons and three daughters:
1) H.M.
'Ali ibn Hussein, King of the Hijaz and Grand
Sharif of Mecca (s/o Abdiya) - see below.
3)
H.R.H. Princess Sara. b. at Stinia Palace,
Yenikoy, Bosphorus, Turkey, 1898 (d/o
Adila). m. at Istanbul, Turkey, July 1933
(div. September 1933), H.E. Sayyid
Muhammad Atta Beg Amin, CVO (20.6.1933) (b.
at Baghdad, Iraq, 15th December 1897),
First Sec. London 1932-1933, Dir-Gen. Foreign
Affairs 1933-1934, First Sec. Rome 1934-1935,
Counsellor London 1935-1938 and 1939-1940,
chargé d'affaires Paris 1938, Berlin 1939, and
London 1940, Iraqi Envoy Ext. and Min. Plen. to
Turkey 1944-1949 and France 1949-1952, son of
Muhammad Atta Pasha, Governor of
Iskanderum.
1924 - 1925 H.M. 'Ali ibn
Hussein, King of the Hijaz and Grand Sharif of Mecca, GBE
(m11.3.1920). b. at Mecca, 1879, eldest son of
H.M. Hussein ibn 'Ali, Caliph al-Islam, King of the
Hijaz, Commander of the Faithful, Grand Sharif and Amir
of Mecca, GCB, by his first wife, Sharifa Abidiya Khanum,
eldest daughter of H.H. Amir 'Abdu'llah Kamil Pasha,
Grand Sharif of Mecca, educ. at Ghalata Serai
Coll., Constantinople. Joined his father in the Arab
Revolt against Turkish rule and served as C-in-C of the
Harb Army 1915-1916, Cdr. Arab Southern Army 1916-1919,
Grand Vizier of the Hijaz 1916-1924, and C-in-C Arab
Hijaz Army 1919-1924. Succeeded on the abdication of his
father, 3rd October 1924. Forced to abdicate
when the forces of ibn Saud overran the Hijaz, 19th
December 1925. Went into exile in Baghdad. Served as
Regent of Transjordan during the absence of King
'Abdu'llah on several occasions. Rcvd: the Grand
Order of the Hashimites (1932), and the Order of the Two
Rivers 1st class of Iraq (1922), GC of the
Orders of the Renaissance (1917) and Independence (1921)
of the Hijaz, and Leopold of Belgium (15.3.1930). m.
at Yenikoy, Bosphorus, 1906, as his only wife, H.M. Queen
Nafissa Khanum (b. at Constantinople,
Turkey, 1886; k. by the military plotters outside
the Rihab Palace, Baghdad, Iraq, 14th July
1958), second daughter of H.H. Amir 'Abdu'l-Ilah
bin Muhammad Pasha, Grand Sharif and Amir of
Mecca. He d. at Baghdad, Iraq, 13th
February 1935 (bur. at the Royal Mausoleum,
Adhamiyah), having had issue, one son and four daughters:
1)
H.R.H. Princess Khadija Abdiya. b. at
Stinia Palace, Yenikoy, Bosphorus, Turkey, 1907.
She was k. unm. by the military
plotters outside the Rihab Palace, Baghdad, Iraq,
14th July 1958.
3)
H.R.H. Princess Badia. b. at Damascus,
Syria, June 1920. m. at Baghdad, Iraq,
1949, H.H. Al-Sharif Al-Hussein bin 'Ali Bey
(b. 30th September 1918; d.
at London, 1st July 1998), second son
of H.H. Amir 'Ali Pasha, Grand
Sharif and Amir of Mecca. She had issue, three
sons - see above.
4)
H.R.H. Princess Jalila. b. at Mecca, 1923.
m. Sharif Dr. Ahmad Hazim Bey,
eldest son of Sharif Salim Pasha.
She d.s.p. in hospital at
Baghdad, Iraq, from burns received from an
exploding paraffin stove, 28th
December 1955 - see above.