Education /
Background |
B.A. 1982 Boston University
M.A.,
Ph.D. 1987
Boston University
Jane
Coffin Childs fellow, Roche Institute
for Molecular Biology 1987-1989
Research
Associate,
Howard Hughes Institute, U.C.L.A. 1989-1990
Raymond
& Beverly Sacker Scholar, Sloan-Kettering Institute 1990-1997
Burroughs Wellcome New Initiative Award (1999) |
Research Interests |
Biochemistry:
molecular mechanisms of biological membrane transport;
biochemical mechanisms
of drug resistance.
The
focus of our laboratory is to elucidate the
molecular
details of drug resistance pathways. Two
systems that we currently study in depth are "multidrug
resistant" tumor cells, and drug resistant
malarial parasites. Although these
two topics might seem unrelated, we have
found interesting molecular parallels between
these two types of drug resistance. Thus,
we hope to define principles that are applicable
to other drug resistance phenomena as well
(i.e. various forms of bacterial drug resistance). Worldwide,
approximately 2 million people a year
die
of malaria, and about half that number
die of various cancers. A substantial
fraction of these deaths are attributable
to tumors or parasites that have become
resistant to various drugs due to sub-lethal
exposure to these chemicals. In
one well -studied example, chronic exposure
to doxorubicin, vinca alkaloids, or other
natural product chemotherapeutic drugs
induces
overexpression of a fascinating polytopic
integral membrane protein, hu MDR 1,
many
different types of tumor cells (particularly
tumors of hematopoietic lineage). The
function of this protein is controversial. Our
laboratory has championed a model
wherein
over expression of the protein results
in abnormal cellular ion transport
that then modulates cellular biophysical
parameters
(e.g. compartmental pH and membrane
potentials)
that influence cellular accumulation
of drugs
as well as the signal transduction
associated
with their toxicity. Interestingly,
recent work suggests a fundamentally
similar mechanism may operate in
drug resistant malarial parasites. The
important point is that a variety
of proteins
involved in transmembrane ion transport
reactions likely represent a class
of pharmacological targets for "second
line" therapy in systems
that become drug resistant. Moreover,
elucidation of these physiological
parameters provides a reliable
set of indicators for the emergence
of drug resistance in the clinic.
In studying these phenomena
we use a battery of interdisciplinary techniques,
including recombinant DNA methods, yeast genetics,
cell culture, and general wet biochemistry. In
addition, we have pioneered the se of novel single-cell
fluorescence imaging techniques to analyze membrane
transport phenomena for individual living cells
under constant perfusion. For example, in
one particularly exciting recent advance we have
analyzed the pH of the digestive vacuolar compartment
of living malarial parasites growing within human
red blood cells. In
collaboration with the Tom Wellems laboratory
at
NIH, we are now uing this technique to investigate
the role of specific genetic mutations associated
with the emergence of chloroquine resistance.
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