Anton Räderscheidt 1927
Vintage von August Sander
© SK Stiftung Kultur-August Sander Archiv, Köln, VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn 1997

Anton Räderscheidt 1923
Foto: Werner Mantz

Anton Räderscheidt 1956
Vintage von Chargesheimer
 

• 1892
  Anton Räderscheidt was born at Cologne/ Germany on 11 October, the son of Wilhelm Räderscheidt, headmaster at the business college in Cologne.

• 1910-14
  Studies at the Cologne school of arts and crafts and the Düsseldor Academy of Arts with Eduard Karl Franz von Gebhardt and Professor Menschen. Since then, in contact with the Rheinisch Avant-garde.

• 1913
  The first studio in Richard-Wahner-Straße in Cologne

• 1914
  Creation of the first pictures with constructivist traits.

• 1915-1917
  Active duty, in various places including at Verdun, sustained severe shell injuries

• 1917
  Having taken exams, employed as an art teacher at the grammar school in Cologne-Mülheim.

• 1918
  Marriage to Marta Hegemann.

• 1919
  After exams to qualify as a teacher at a secondary school. Began work as a freelance artist.
  Acquaintance with Heinrich Hoerle, Franz Seiwert, Otto Baargeld, Hans Arp and Wilhelm Fick.
  He founded, together with Hoerle, Seiwert and Fick, the group, "stupid"; Marta Hegemann and Angelika Hoerle also belonged to this circle.
  The group used to meet in the studio of Anton Räderscheidt at No 9 Hildeboldplatz where they held exhibitions of their work.
  The only catalogue of this period,"stupid 1" (1920)On the initiative of Hoerle, the wood-engraving portfolio "Lebendige", ["The Living"],
  which they dedicated to the murdered Socialist, appeared.
  This portfolio drew heavily on expressionism and constructivism. Contact with the Dada circle around Max Ernst. They exhibited next to one another at the Autumn exhibition in Cologne, the "Gesellschaft der Künste" [The company of the Arts"] Two figural sculptures by Räderscheidt were cited in the dadaist "bulletin d". Just before the opening of the exhibition, he withdrew his works but showed them away in the main exhibition. The wood-engraving portfolio, "Dramentage" appeared. Geometric-figural pictures under the influence of the Italian, Giorgio de Chirico and Carlo Carrà.

• 1920
  The first pictures with the theme, "Das Paar" ["The Pair"]. The turning from expressionist and constructivist painter to "magical realist" was completed.
  Hans Multhaupt, an industrialist from Düsseldorf, becomes his first collector.

• 1923
  B. Traven, who had been publishing the "Ziegelbrenner" [Lit trans: "The Brickmaker"] in Munich sign 1917, fled to Mexico with Räderscheidt's passport.

• 1925
  The first "Sportbilder" ["Sport pictures"] appear "Der bekleidete Mann und die hundertprozentige Frau" ["The clothed man and the hundred-percent woman"].
  First signs of public recognition; Franz Roh is the first to mention Räderscheidt in his book, "Nachexpressionismus" [Post-expressionism]. Hartlaub invites him, the only artist from Cologne, to the exhibition "Neue Sachlichkeit" [Neo-realism] in Mannheim. Appearance of the "Gruppe progressiver Künstler" [The Group of Progressive Artists] around Hoerle, Seiwert, Jankl Adler, Hans Schmidt, Otto Freundlich, Raoul Haussmann, Margarete and Stanislaw Kubicki. Constant get-toghethers in the "Café Monopol".

• 1926
  Travel to Southern France. Watercolors and drawings are created.
  The new theme for the pictures is "Maler und Model" [Painter and Model].

• 1927
  Moves into the new studio in Cologne-Bickendorf

• 1928
  Acquaintance with Heinrich Maria Davringhausen. Portraits of one another are painted.

• 1929
  Räderscheidt is selected for the exhibition of the "Deutscher Künstlerbund" [German Artist' Fraternity].
  The new theme: Straßenmotive mit isolierten Einzelfiguren [Street themes with isolated single figures].

• 1931
  No further artistic or personal contact with the Progressive artists' Group.

• 1933
  Räderscheidt considers leaving Germany. He takes a trip to Italy and paints town-scapes of Rome and Naples.
  He get to known the patrons, Rudolf Metzger and Ilse Metzger-Salberg.

• 1934
  At the end of the year, Räderscheidt leaves Cologne and , with his new companion, Ilse Metzger-Salberg, moves first in Berlin on the Motzensee.

• 1934/35
  Emigrates to France via Switzerland and England.

• 1937
  Studio in Paris, Rue des Plantes. Member of the "Surindependants". Builds his house "Le Patio" in Sanary sur Mer/Toulon.

• 1938
  His works are strong, colorful pictures with figures (Exile work)

• 1939
  He lives in Sanary sur Mer and cooks for the emigrants he has befriended, Thomas Mann, Lion Feuchtwanger, Alfred Kantorowicz.

• 1940
  21 May: the 1st internment in "Les Milles", a former brickworks near Toulon, with Feuchtwanger, Kantorowicz, Hasenclever.
  
  21 June: Walter Hasenclever, Räderscheidt's neighbor in the camp, poisons himself out of fear of the advancing Germans.
  
  22 June: Armistice Agreement signed by General Pétain.
  
  Transported in the "Geisterzug" [Ghost train] to Bayonne where they were to be handed over to the Germans. Räderscheidt, Davringhausen and Kantorowicz manage to escape and he is able to go into hiding.

• 1942
  Following a round up carried out by the French police, during which Ernst Meyer, the son of Ilse Salberg is arrested and subsequently send to a German concentration camp, they succeed in escaping from their hiding place in Barjols (Dep. Le Var), in the French Maritime Alps. A butcher from Barjols hides them among his wares and takes them to the Swiss border where Räderscheidt, together with Ilse Salberg and her daughter, Brigitte Metzger, slips over illegally.

• 1943
  After being interned once again, he is saved from expulsion, thanks to the recommendation to the conservator of the museum in Basel, Georg Schmidt, and receives an unlimited residence permit as "private internee" at the Hotel Bären in Münchenbuchsee.

• 1947
  Räderscheid works as if possessed for the Swiss art collectors who value above all his "Französische Malerei" [French painting] (post-expressionist and post-cubist) in order to pay the doctors' fees for Ilse Salberg who is now suffering from cancer. After the death of Ilse Salber he sells his entire Swiss oeuvre to the Galerie Marbach from Bern and goes to Paris with Brigitte, the daughter of Ilse Salberg.
  
  Ernst Meyer dies in the concentration camp at Auschwitz
  
  Once again in Paris, he declares theft of those of his pictures left behind in his Paris studio, including the Neo-realist once, and files charges against persons unknown.

• 1948
  Meets Gisèle Ribreau whom he later marries.

• 1949/50
  Forced to return to Cologne owing to worries about his financial position. Difficult new beginning.
  Survives by means of commissioned portraits, horses and landscapes.

• 1956
  After the difficult early years, he paints harmonious-rhythmic horse pictures.

• 1957
  Influenced by the West German art scene, the Informel and the "Ecole de Paris", whose aim was the brake with realism, Anton Räderscheidt takes a step into the abstract and, over the period until 1964, achieves a comprehensive oeuvre.

• 1963
  Moves into the new studio house in the Landsbergstraße in Cologne.

• 1965
  Begins a series of black and white pictures on the theme of street scenes, gatherings of people and the constantly recurring theme of "Das Paar"[The Pair].

• 1967
  Following a cerebral stroke, learns to see again with great difficulty. The series of "Selbstportrait" [Self-portraits] is created, hand studies and strongly expressive tempera pictures.

• 1970
  Anton Räderscheidt dies in Cologne on 8 March.
  
  
  

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