| The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000. |
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Appendix I
Indo-European Roots |
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| ENTRY: | reudh- |
| DEFINITION: | Red, ruddy. Oldest form * 1reudh-.
Derivatives include red, robust, corroborate, ruby, and rubric.
I. O-grade form *roudh-. 1a. red, from Old English r ad, red; b. rorqual, from Old Norse raudhr, red. Both a and b from Germanic *raudaz. 2. rowan, from a source akin to Old Norse reynir, mountain ash, rowan (from its red berries), from Germanic *raudnia-. 3. rufescent, rufous, from Latin r fus (of dialectal Italic origin), reddish. 4. rubiginous, from Latin r bus, red. 5. roble, roborant, robust; corroborate, rambunctious, from Latin rbur, rbus, red oak, hardness, and rbustus, strong.
II. Zero-grade form *rudh-. 1. Suffixed form *rudh- -. a. ruddle, from Old English rudu, red color; b. ruddock, from Old English rudduc, robin; c. ruddy, from Old English rudig, ruddy. a–c all from Germanic *rud. 2. Suffixed form *rudh-sto-. rust, from Old English rst (also rust?), rust, from Germanic *rust-. 3. rouge, rubeola, ruby; rubefacient, from Latin rubeus, red. 4. rubicund, from Latin rubicundus, red, ruddy. 5. rubidium, from Latin rbidus, red. 6. Suffixed (stative) form *rudh--. rubescent, from Latin rubre, to be red. 7. Suffixed form *rudh-ro-. a. rubella, rubric; bilirubin, from Latin ruber, red; b. rutilant, rutile, from Latin rutilus, reddish; c. erythema, erythro-, from Greek eruthros, red (with prothetic vowel from oldest zero-grade form *rudh-); d. erysipelas, from possibly remade Greek erusi-, red, reddening. 8. Suffixed form *rudh-to-. rissole, roux, russet, from Latin russus, red. (Pokorny reudh- 872.) |
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| The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Copyright © 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by the Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. |
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