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LA-13638
Reference Set A
Review of Criticality Accidents: 2000 Revision
LA-13638 is now
available in hardcopy. If you are interested in receiving a copy please email
HSR-6. Simply state in the email that you would like a copy and include
your name and mailing address. A copy will be mailed to you at no charge.
Note that not every reference is available at this time. Several
references have not been located and are carried over from previous
editions of the accident report.
0. T.P. McLaughlin, S.P.
Monahan, N.L. Pruvost, V.V. Frolov, B.G. Ryazanov, V.I. Sviridov, “A
Review of Criticality Accidents: 2000 Revision.” Los Alamos National
Laboratory Report LA-13638 (May 2000).
1. Stratton, “W. R.
A Review of Criticality Accidents.” Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory
Los Alamos, NM., LA-3611, (1967).
2. Stratton W. R.,
revised by D. R. Smith. “A
Review of Criticality Accidents.” Lawrence Livermore National
Laboratory, Livermore, CA, DOE/NCT-04, (March 1989).
3. Paxton, Hugh C. “Glossary
of Nuclear Criticality Terms.” Los Alamos National Laboratory report
LA-11627-MS, Los Alamos, NM, (October 1989).
4.
Barbry, “F.
SILENE Reactor: Results of Selected Typical Experiments.” Report SRSC
n223, CEA Institute de Protectionet de Surete Nucleaire , Department de
Recherches en Securite, Service de Recherches en Surete et Criticite,
Centre d'Etudes de VALDUC - SRSC 21120 Is-sur-Tille, France, (September
1994).
5. Lecorche, P., and R. L. Seale. “Review
of the Experiments Performed to Determine the Radiological Consequences of
a Criticality Accident.” Y-12 Plant, Oak Ridge, TN., Y-CDC-12, (1973).
6. Dunenfeld, M.S., and R. K. Stitt. “Summary Review
of the Kinetics Experiments on Water Boilers.”NAA-SR-7087, (1963). This
report is proprietary information of North American Aviation Co.
7. “Accidental
Radiation Excursion at the Y-12 Plant June 16, 1958.” Union Carbide
Nuclear Company, Y-12 Plant, Oak Ridge, TN., Y-1234, (1958).
8. Callihan, D., and J. T. Thomas. “Accidental
Radiation Excursion at the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant—I, Description and Physics
of the Accident.” Health Phys., 1, 363-372, (1959).
9. “Oak
Ridge Y-12 Accidental Excursion, June 16, 1958.” Nucleonics, 16, Nov.,
pp. 138-140, 200-203, (1958).
10. Hurst, G. S., R. S.
Ritchie, and R. L. Emerson. “Accidental
Radiation Excursion at the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant, Part III, Determination
of Doses.” Health Physics, 2, p. 121 (1959).
11.
Paxton, H. C., R. D. Baker, W. T. Maraman, and R. Reider. “Nuclear-Critical
Accident at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory on December 30,
1958.” Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, LAMS-2293
(1959).
12. Paxton, H. C., R. D. Baker, W. J. Maraman,
and R. Reider. “Los
Alamos Criticality Accident, December 30, 1958.” Nucleonics, 17(4),
pp. 107-108, 151 (1959).
13. Ginkel, W. L., C. W.
Bills, A. O. Dodd, K. K. Kennedy, and F. H. Tingey. “Nuclear
Incident at the Idaho Chemical Processing Plant on October 16, 1959.”
Phillips Petroleum Co., Atomic Energy Div., Idaho Falls, ID, IDO-10035
(1960).
14. Paulus, P. C., A. O. Dodd, K. K. Kennedy,
F. H. Tingey, and F. M. Warzel. “Nuclear
Incident at the Idaho Chemical Processing Plant on January 25, 1961.”
Phillips Petroleum Company, Atomic Energy Div., Idaho Falls, ID, IDO-10036
(1961).
15. Latchum J. W., F. C. Haas, W. M. Hawkins,
and F. M. Warzel. “Nuclear
Incident at the Idaho Chemical Processing Plant of January 25, 1961.”
La-54-61A, Phillips Petroleum Co., (4 April 1961). 61. La-54-61A,
Phillips Petroleum Co., (4 April 1961).
16. Olsen A.
R., R. L. Hooper, V. O. Uotinen, and C. L. Brown. “Empirical
Model to Estimate Energy Release from Accidental Criticality.” Trans.
Am. Nuc. Soc., 19, pp. 189-191, (October 1974).
17.
Hetrick, D. L. Letter
to Thomas P. McLaughlin, (14 July 1999).
18.
Callihan, D. “Accidental
Nuclear Excursion in Recuplex Operation at Hanford in April 1962.”
Nucl. Safety, 4(4), pp. 136-144, (1963).
19. Clayton,
E. D. “Further
Considerations of Criticality in Recuplex and Possible Shutdown
Mechanism.” Hanford Atomic Products Operation, Hanford, Wash. HW-77780
(1963).
20. Zangar, C. N. “Summary
Report of Accidental Nuclear Excursion Recuplex Operation 234-5
Facility.” HW74723, Richland Operations Office, AEC, TID-18431 (1962).
21. Investigation Committee. “Final
Report of Accidental Nuclear Excursion Recuplex Operation 234-5
Facility.” Hanford Operations Office, H W-74723, (August, 1962).
22. Clayton, E. D. “The
Hanford Pulser Accident.” Transactions of the American Nuclear
Society, 46, pp. 463-464, (June 1984).
23. Nakache, F.
R., and M. M. Shapiro. “The
Nuclear Aspects of the Accidental Criticality at Wood River Junction,
Rhode Island, July 24, 19 64.” Supplemental Report, United Nuclear
Corp., New Haven, Conn., Fuels Div., TID-21995 (1964).
24. Kouts, H., et al. “Report
of the AEC Technical Review Committee, (Nov. 6, 1964).”
25. Daniels, J. T., H. Howells, and T. G. Hughes. “Criticality
Incident-Aug 24, 1970, Windscale Works.” Trans. Am. Nuc. Sec., 14, pp.
35-3 6 (1971).
26. Evans, M. C. “A
Review of Criticality Accidents Within the European Community.” Trans.
Am. Nuc. Sec., 46, pp. 462-463 (1984).
27. Evans,
M.C., “A
Review of Criticality Accidents Within the European Community.” Notes
from oral presentation at the Summer Meeting of the American Nuclear
Society, New Orleans, (June 1984).
28. “Recovery
of ICPP from Criticality Event of October 17, 1978 - Part II (Support and
Safety Justification of the Specific Approach to Emptying H-100).”
Allied Chemical, ACI-366, (January 1979).
29. Casto,
W. R. (ed.). “ICPP
Criticality Event of October 17, 1978.” Nuclear Safety, vol. 21, No.
5, (October 1980).
30. “Report
of the Accident Investigation Committee on a Critical Accident in Uranium
Fuel Fabrication Plant.” The Nuclear Saf ety Commission, Japan
(December 42, 1999).
31. “Report No. 3 in the 5th
Meeting in 2000 of the Nuclear Safety Commission: 'Scope of Radiation Dose
to Persons by the Critical Accident in JCO Co., Ltd. Tokai Site and Its
Follow-up.'” Nuclear Safety Bureau of Science and Technology Agency,
Japan, (January 2000).
32. McCoy, F. R. III, T.P.
McLaughlin, and L.C. Lewis. “U.S.
Department of Energy Trip Report of Visit to Tokyo and Tokai-Mura, Japan
on October 18-19, 1999 for Information Exchange with Government of Japan
Concerning the September 30, 1999 Tokai-Mura Criticality Accident.” U.
S. Department of Energy.
33. “NEA
Nuclear Science Committee. International Handbook of Evaluated Criticality
Safety Benchmark Experiments. NEA/NSC/DOC-(95)-03, (September
1998).
34. Paxton, H. C., and N. L. Pruvost. “Critical
Dimensions of Systems Containing 235U,
239Pu, and 233U, 1986 Revision.” LA-10860-MS, Fig. 4, p. 14,
(July 1987).
35. Taylor, E. F., and J. A. Wheeler. “Spacetime
Physics.” W. H. Freeman and Co.,p. 60, San Francisco, p. 60, (1966).
36. Callihan, D., W. Ozeroff, H. Paxton, and C.
Schuske. “Nuclear
Safety Guide.” U. S. Atomic Energy Commission report TID-7016, (1957).
37. Hayes, D. F. “A
Summary of Accidents and Incidents Involving Radiation in Atomic Energy
Activities, June 1945 through December 1955.” U. S. Atomic Energy
Commission TID-5360, (1956).
38. King, L. D. P. “Design
and Description of Water Boiler Reactors.” Proc. Intern. Conf.
Peaceful Uses At. Energy, Geneva 1955, vol. 2, p p. 372-391, (1955).
39. Leonard, Jr., B. R. “A
Study of the Radiation Burst in the Hanford Homogeneous Reactor.”
Hanford Works, Richland, WA, HW-24327, (1952).
40.
Thomas, J. T., and A. D. Callihan. “Radiation Excursions at the ORNL Critical Experiments Laboratory. I. May 26, 1954. II. February 1, 1956.”Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN,
ORNL-2452, (1958).
41. Callihan, D. “Excursion
at the Oak Ridge Critical Experiments Facility, January 30, 1968.” Oak
Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, ORNL-TM-2207, (1968).
42. Paxton, H. C. “Critical-Assembly
Booby Traps.” Nucleonics 16, Mar., pp. 80-81, (1958).
43. Paine, Jr., R. W., R. S. Dike, J. D. Orndoff, and
D. P. Wood. “A
Study of an Accidental Radiation Burst.” Los Alamos Scientific
Laboratory , Los Alamos, NM, LA-1289, (1951).
44.
Paxton, H. C. “Booby
Traps.” Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, AECD-4240,
(1957).
45. Mallary, E. C., G. E. Hansen, G. A.
Linenberger, and D. P. Wood. “Neutron
Burst from a Cylindrical Untamped Oy (Enriched U) Assembly.” Los
Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, LA-1477, (1952).
46. Peterson, R. E., and G. A. Newby. “An
Unreflected U-235 Critical Assembly.” Nucl. Sci. Eng. 1, 112-125,
(1956).
47. Wimett, T. F., L. B. Engle, G. A. Graves,
G. R. Keepin, Jr., and J. D. Orndoff. “Time
Behavior of Godiva Through Prompt Critical.” Los A lamos
Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, LA-2029, (1956).
48. Paxton, H. C. “Godiva,
Topsy, Jezebel-Critical Assemblies at Los Alamos.” Nucleonics 13,
Oct., 48-50, (1955).
49. A. M. Voinov, V. P. Egorov,
A. E. Zapolsky, et al. “Facility for neutronics testing of simple critical
assemblies.” VANT, section Nuclear Reactor Physics, 2, pp. 21-29, (1992).
50. Paxton, H. C. “Godiva
Wrecked at Los Alamos.” Nucleonics 15, Apr., p. 104, (1957).
51. Stratton, W. R., T. H. Colvin, and R. B. Lazarus.
“Analyses
of Prompt Excursions in Simple Systems and Idealized Fast Reactors.”
In Proc. UN Intern. Conf. Peaceful Uses At. Energy, 2nd, Geneva, 1958
(United Nations, Geneva), vol. 12, pp. 196-206, (1958).
52. Wimett, T. F., and J. D. Orndoff. “Applications
of Godiva II Neutron Pulses.” In Proc. UN Intern. Conf. Peaceful Uses
At. Energy, 2nd, Geneva, 1958 (United Nations, Geneva), vol. 10, pp.
449-460, (1958).
53. Callihan, D., “Criticality
Excursion of November 10, 1961.” Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak
Ridge, TN, ORNL-TM-139, (1962).
54. Kuvshinov M. I.,
P. F. Cherednic, I. I. Ignatov, et al. “Experimental research of coupled
systems including BIR pulse reactor and a subcritical assembly.” VANT,
Section: Pulse reactors and simple critical assemblies, 2, pp. 3-15,
(1988).
55. Kathren, R. L., W. C. Day, D. H. Denham,
and J. L. Brown. “Health
Physics Following a Nuclear Excursion: The LRL Incident of March 26,
1963.” Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA,
UCRL-7345, (1963).
56. “Fast Burst Reactor Facility
Operations report Number 2.” White Sands Missile Range, White Sands, NM,
(1965). This reference has been carried over from a previous edition of
the document. At the time of printing it was not possible to locate a copy
of the reference.
57. Teryokhin, V. A., V. D.
Perezhogin, and Y. A. Sokolov. “Criticality
Measurements at VNIITF Review.” In Proc. of the Fifth Internationa l
Conference on Nuclear Criticality Safety, September 17-21, 1995, pp.
4.44-4.47, (1995).
58. Voloshin, N. P., I. S.
Pogrebov, and V. A. Teryokhin. “RFNC-VNIITF
Physical Experimental Division and a Short Historical Sketch of Cri tical
Mass Measurements.” In Proc. of the Fifth International Conference on
Nuclear Criticality Safety, September 17-21, 1995, pp. P-31- P -36,
(1995).
59. Kazi, A. H., H. G. Dubyoski, and E. W.
Dickinson. “Preoperational
Test Experience with the Army Pulse Radiation Facility Reactor.” In
Proc. of the National Topical Meeting on Fast Burst Reactors, Albuquerque,
NM (U. S. Atomic Energy Commission), pp. 353-371, (1969).
60. Voloshin, N. P. “Summary of the expert findings
about the causes of the nuclear accident at RFNC-VNIIEF.” Sarov.
Atompressa, 26 (262), (July 1997).
61. Punin, V. T.,
I. G. Smirnov, and S. A. Zykov. “The
Accident of the RFNC-VNIIEF Criticality Test Facility.” Atomnaya
energia, 83.2, pp. 154-156, (1997).
62. Khodalev, G.
F., E. Yu. Tarasova, A. K. Zhitnik, et al. “An
exposure dose for the experimentalist during the criticality accident at R
FNC-VNIIEF.” Atomnaya energia, 85.2, pp. 153-158 (1998).
63. Argonne National Laboratory. “Controlled
Nuclear Chain Reaction: The First 50 Years.” American Nuclear Society,
La Grange Park, IL, pp . 52-54 (1992).
64. Brittan, R.
O., R. J. Hasterlik, L. D. Marinelli, and F. W. Thalgott. “Technical
Review of ZPR-1 Accidental Transient-The Power Excursi on, Exposures, and
Clinical Data.” Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, ANL-4971,
(1953).
65. Lewis, W. B. “The
Accident to the NRX Reactor on December 12, 1952.” Atomic Energy of
Canada, Ltd., Chalk River Project, Chalk River, On tario, Canada, DR-32,
(1953).
66. Hurst, D. C., and A. G. Ward. “Canadian
Research Reactors.” In Progress in Nuclear Energy, Series II,
Reactors, vol. I. R. A. Charpie, D. J. Hughes, D. J. Littler, and M.
Trocheris, Eds. Pergamon Press, London, pp. 1-48, (1956).
67. Henderson, W. J., A.C. Johnson, and P. R.
Tunnicliffe.
An
Investigation of Some of the Circumstances Pertinent to the Accident to
the NRX Reactor of December 12, 1952. Atomic Energy of Canada
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68. Dietrich, J. R. “Experimental
Determinations of the Self-Limitation of Power During Reactivity
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70. Dietrich, J.
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Determinations of the Self-Regulation and Safety of Operating
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Energy, Geneva, 1955, United Nations, New York, vol. 13, pp. 88-101,
(1956).
71. Dietrich, J. R., and D. C. Layman. “Transient
and Steady State Characteristics of a Boiling Reactor. The Borax
Experiments, 1953.” Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL,
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72. Thompson, T. J., and J. G.
Beckerley, Eds. “The
Technology of Nuclear Reactor Safety,” vol. 1 (The M.I.T. Press,
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73. Lushbaugh, C. C. “Reflections
on Some Recent Progress in Human Radiobiology.” In Advances in
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74.
Tardiff, A. N. “Some
Aspects of the WTR and SL-1 Accidents.” In Proc. Symp. Reactor Safety
and Hazards Evaluation Techniques. vol. 1, International Atomic Energy
Agency, Vienna, pp. 43-88, (1962).
75. Nyer, W. E., G.
O. Bright, and R. J. McWhorter. “Reactor
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Energy, 3rd, Geneva, 1964, vol. 13, United Nations, Geneva, pp. 13-25,
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76. Miller, R. W., A. Sola, and R. K.
McCardell, “Report
of the SPERT-1 Destructive Test Program on an Aluminum, Plate-type,
Water-Modera ted Reactor,” Phillips Petroleum Company, IDO-16883,
(June 1964).
77. Parfanovich, D. M. “Summary
of Two Criticality Accidents at the Russian Research Center” Kurchatov
Institute. INEEL/EXT-98-00409, Idaho National Engineering and
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78. “Water-Moderated
Hexagonally Pitched Lattices of U(9O%)O2 +
Cu Fuel Rods with GD or SM Rods.” HEU-COMP-THERM-004, International
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80. Frisch, O. R.
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81. De Hoffman, F., B. T. Feld, and P. R. Stein. “Delayed
Neutrons from 235U After Short
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82. Brittan, R. O. “Analysis
of the EBR-1 Core Meltdown.” In Proc. UN Intern. Conf. Peaceful Uses
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83. Kittel, J. H., M. Novick, and R.
F. Buchanan. “The
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84. “Summary
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85. Remley, M. E., J. W. Flora, D. L. Hetrick, D. R.
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86.
Stitt, R. K. “A
Summary of Experimental Results of the Spherical Core Investigations in
the Kewb Program.” Nucl. Sci. Eng., 2 (1), Su ppl., 212-213, (1959).
87. Hetrick, D. L., J. W. Flora, E.L. Garner, et.al.
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Results on the Kinetic Behavior of Water Boiler Reactors.” Atomics
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89. Forbes, S. G., F. L. Bentzen, P. French,
J. E. Grund, I. C. Haire, W. E. Nyer, and R. F. Walker. “Analysis of
Self-Shutdown Behavior in the Spert-1 Reactor.” Phillips Petroleum
Company, Atomic Energy Div., Idaho Falls, Idaho, IDO-16528, (1959). This
reference has been carried over from a previous edition of the document.
At the time of printing it was not possible to locate a copy of the
document.
90. Nyer, W. E., and S. G. Forbes. “SPERT-1
Reactor Safety Studies.” In Proc. UN Intern. Conf. Peaceful Uses At.
Energy, 2nd, Geneva, 1958 , vol. 11, United Nations, Geneva, pp. 470-480,
(1958).
91. Schroeder, F., S. G. Forbes, W. E. Nyer,
F. L. Bentzen, and G. O. Bright. “Experimental
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Nucl. Sci. Eng. 2, 96-115, (1957).
92. Stone, R. S.,
H. P. Sleeper, Jr., R. H. Stahl, and G. West. “Transient
Behavior of TRIGA, a Zirconium-Hydride, Water-Moderated Reactor .”
Nucl. Sci. Eng., 6, 255-259, (1959).
93. Koutz, S. L.,
T. Taylor, A. McReynolds, F. Dyson, R. S. Stolne, H. P. Sleeper, Jr., and
R. B. Duffield. “Design
of a 10-kw Reactor for Isotope Production, Research and Training
Purposes.” In Proc. UN Intern. Conf. Peaceful Uses At. Energy, 2nd,
Geneva, 1958, vol. 10, United Nations, Geneva, pp. 282-286, (1958).
94. Knief, R. A., “Nuclear
Criticality Safety: Theory and Practice.” American Nuclear Society,
LaGrange Park, IL, p. 11, (1985).
95. Hansen, G. E. “Burst
Characteristics Associated with the Slow Assembly of Fissionable
Materials.” Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, LA-1441,
(1952).
96. Fuchs, K. “Efficiency
for Very Slow Assembly.” Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos,
NM, LA-596, (1946).
97. Hansen, G. E. “Assembly
of Fissionable Material in the Presence of a Weak Neutron Source.”
Nucl. Sci. Eng., 8, 709-719, (1960).”
98. Keepin, G.
R. “Physics
of Nuclear Kinetics.” Addison Wesley Pub. Co., Reading, MA, p. 287,
(1965).
99. Keepin, G. R, and C. W. Cox. “General
Solution of the Reactor Kinetics Equations.” Nucl. Sci. Eng., 8,
670-690, (1960).
100. Gamble, D. P. “A
Proposed Model of Bubble Growth During Fast Transients in the Kewb
Reactor.” Nucl. Sci. Eng., 2 (1), Suppl., 213-214 , (1959).
101. Wilson, Robert E., and Jensen, William D. “Reflections
on the 1978 ICPP Criticality Accident.” Proceedings of the Sixth
International Conference on Nuclear Criticality Safety, Vol. IV,
1540-1544,(1999). |