- 2007 Stuart J. Freedman
"For his contribution to Neutrino Physics and the study of Weak Interactions, in particular for his leading role in the KAMLAND experiment, as well as for his work on precision measurements of the beta decay of the neutron."
- 2006 John C. Hardy and Ian S. Towner
"In recognition of their ultra-high precision measurements detailed analyses of 0+→0+ nuclear beta decay rates to explore the unitarity of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa quark matrix as a test of the electroweak Standard Model."
- 2005 Roy Holt
"In recognition of his pioneering role in experimental
studies of the structure of the deuteron and especially for
his innovative use of polarization techniques in these experiments."
- 2004 George F. Bertsch
"For his many varied contributions to nuclear-structure
and reaction theory, which have guided and illuminated experiments
for four decades."
- 2003 Arthur Bruce McDonald
"For his leadership in resolving the solar neutrino
problem with the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory."
-
2002
J. David Bowman
"In recognition of his leadership in performing precision
measurements involving tests of funda-mental symmetries, including
his studies of parity nonconservation in compound nuclei."
2001
Richard Geller and Claude Lyneis
"For their critical leadership in conceiving and developing
the electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source and advanced
ECR source, which have opened a new era in heavy ion studies
of nuclear phenomena."
-
2000
Raymond G. Arnold
"For his leadership in pioneering measurements of the electromagnetic
properties of nuclei and nucleons at short distance scales
that addressed the fundamental connection of nuclear physics
to Quantum Chromodynamics and motivated new experimental programs."
-
1999
Vijay R. Pandharipande
"For fundamental contributions in determining the structure
of light nuclei by solving the Schroedinger problem with more
than three nucleons using realistic nucleon-nucleon interactions
supplemented by three-body forces."
-
1998
Joel Moss
"For his pioneering experiments using the Drell-Yan process
and di-muon production in proton-nucleus collisions which
demonstrate that there is no antiquark enhancement in heavy
nuclei, and for his experiments on the mass dependence of
the production of charmonium and open charm which yield a
quantitative description of the parton distribution in nuclei."
-
1997
R. G. Hamish Robertson
"For his intellectual and experimental leadership in seminal
experiments testing charge symmetry and independence, determining
fundamental properties of nuclear reactions having cosmological
and astrophysical significance, and establishing stringent
limits on the mass of the electron antineutrino."
-
1996
J. Dirk Walecka
"For his preeminent theoretical guidance and inspirational
leadership in exploiting electromagnetic and weak probes of
the nucleus and for his fundamental contributions to the understanding
of the nucleus as a relativistic quantum many-body system."
-
1995
Felix Boehm
"For his pivotal contributions to our understanding of
the weak interaction and fundamental symmetries in the nucleus.
We especially note 1) his measurements of positron polarization
in beta decay and their impact on the development of the V-A
theory of weak interactions, 2) his pioneering studies providing
convincing evidence for parity violation in nuclear transitions,
and 3) his frontier defining searches for violations of time-reversal
invariance in nuclei and for neutrino oscillations."
-
1994
Ernest K. Warburton
"For pioneering contributions to our understanding of the
structure of light nuclei via the development and exploitation
of experimental techniques in nuclear spectroscopy combined
with theoretical analyses. In particular, his development
of the gamma-gamma di"RECT"ional correlations measurements
for extracting multipolarity information for in-beam gamma-ray
spectroscopy, his pioneering measurements of nuclear lifetimes
with Doppler shift methods, his development of methods of
deducing multipolarities from the correlation of pairs in
internal conversion, and his experimental and theoretical
studies of first-forbidden beta decay which show strong evidence
for mesonic contributions to the weak axial current."
-
1993
Akito Arima & Francesco Iachello
"For the development of the Interacting Boson Model, their
recognition of the role of dynamical symmetries in nuclear
structure, and for the impact of their work on the field of
algebraic modeling in nuclear physics."
-
1992
Henry G. Blosser & Robert E. Pollock
"For their pioneering development of innovative accelerator
configurations which have allowed new levels of precision
and flexibility for nuclear physics research. The room temperature
and superconducting cyclotron developments and the novel beam
cooling techniques have formed the basis for a new generation
of facilities throughout the world which are currently providing
important tools to advance our understanding of nuclear and
particle properties in the medium energy regime. Their developments
have also led to important advances in accelerator techniques
for the neighboring disciplines of Atomic and Medical Physics."
-
1991
Peter J. Twin
"For the discovery and characterization of super-deformed
nuclear states at very high spin. His leadership in the development
of Compton-suppressed germanium detector arrays has been a
crucial factor in the development of this new area of nuclear
structure."
-
1990
Vernon Hughes
"For his many contributions to the fundamental measurements
of electroweak and strong interactions. We cite in particular
his early recognition of the importance of high energy polarized
electron beams and his role in the measurement of the spin-dependent
electroweak structure functions of the nucleon."
-
1989
Ernest M. Henley
"For the decisive and creative role which he has played
in using the nucleus as a laboratory for the study of fundamental
interactions. His seminal studies of time-reversal invariance,
parity nonconservation, and charge symmetry breaking have
motivated a generation of important experiments."
-
1988
Raymond Davis, Jr.
"For his use of nuclear reactions in detecting neutrinos,
particularly his elegant 37Cl measurement
of the solar neutrino flux, his role in developing the 71Ga
neutrino experiment, and his demonstration that reactor antineutrinos
do not induce the 37Cl -> 37Ar
reaction. These careful and precise measurements continue
to have a major impact on our understanding of the weak interaction,
the fundamental properties of the neutrino, and the production
of energy in stars."
-
1987
Bernard Frois & Ingo Sick
"For their elegant studies of nuclei using high-energy
electron scattering. In particular, their precision measurements
of nuclear charge and current densities have offered novel
perspectives on ground states and valence orbitals. Their
studies of few-nucleon systems have demonstrated the need
for subnucleon degrees of freedom in a complete description
of the nucleus. This body of work has provided firm benchmarks
against which to test our understanding of the nuclear many-body
problem."
-
1986
Lowell M. Bollinger
"For his contributions to and leadership in the development
of the superconducting linear accelerator for the production
of high-quality ion beams, a new technology that broadens
the base for nuclear structure research."
-
1985
Eric G. Adelberger
"For his outstanding contributions in using nuclei to study
fundamental symmetries, particularly studies of parity violation
and isospin mixing. We especially cite the combination of
breadth of physical insight, ingenious use of nuclear structure
effects, and experimental skill manifested in this work."
-
1984
Harald A. Enge
"For his outstanding contributions to the design of magnetic
spectrometers and beam optics in the field of nuclear physics."
-
1983
Charles D. Goodman
"For his persistent and innovative efforts in the study
of (p,n) reactions, exhibiting so clearly the giant
Gamov-Teller resonance, the spin-isospin sound excitation
in nuclei. The understanding of this resonance and its connection
with beta decay adds a new quantitative dimension to nuclear
structure."
-
1982
G. E. Brown
"For his seminal contributions to the microscopic theory
of the dipole state and other collective vibrations in nuclei,
and to the recognition of the connection between the general
nature of such modes and other many-body phenomena."
-
1981
Bernard L. Cohen
"For pointing the way to some basic issues in nuclear structure
and reactions: to our understanding of low-lying collective
states, the occupation of single-particle levels, and the
mechanisms of di"RECT" reactions."
-
1980
Richard M. Diamond & Frank S. Stephens
"For their contributions to the understanding of high-spin
states of nuclei. Their studies of multiple Coulomb excitations
with heavy ions, of multiple gamma ray cascades, and of the
effects of the Coriolis coupling in rotational spectra are
important ingredients in our understanding of rapidly rotating
nuclei."
-
1979
Willy Haeberli & Roy Middleton
"For their unusual contributions to the development and
use of ion sources for charged particle accelerators in both
basic physics and applied fields."
-
1978
Sergei Polikanov & V. M. Strutinsky
"For their significant contributions to the discovery and
elucidation of isomeric fission. their work has vastly expanded
our understanding of the role of the single particle states
on the total energy of heavy deformed nuclei. Their discoveries
have had a crucial impact on the possible stability of very
heavy nuclei."
-
1977
Stuart Thomas Butler & G. Raymond Satchler
"For their discovery that di"RECT" nuclear reactions can
be used to determine angular momenta of discreet nuclear states
and for their systematic exploration of this discovery permitting
the determination of spins, parities, and quantitative properties
of nuclear wave functions."
-
1976
John P. Schiffer
"For his significant contributions to the understanding
of nuclear structure through studies of nuclear reactions,
particularly, his work on nuclear Coulomb energies and the
effective residual interactions in the shell model. His high
standards for precision and clarity have had a profound influence
on the nuclear physics community."
-
1975
Chien-Shiung Wu
"For her pioneering work in beta decay, and particularly
for carrying out beautifully precise experiments, crucial
for unraveling the nature of the weak interactions. Her unusual
skills in physical measurements have contributed to our understanding
of the shapes of beta spectra, to the discovery of the failure
of parity conservation in weak interactions and to the evidence
for lepton conservation and the conserved vector current."
-
1974
Denys W. Wilkinson
"For his lucid, catholic and continuing contributions,
which have yielded important advances in areas as diverse
as the role of isospin in nuclear physics, to areas of instrumentation
basic to modern data-taking techniques."
-
1973
Herman Feshbach
"For his many contributions to the development of the theory
of nuclear reactions, of practical formalisms and methods
designed to be most useful to experimentalists and data analysts.
Among his outstanding achievements are methods of analysis
of neutron-induced reactions, formalisms permitting the analysis
and exploitation of the optical model for both di"RECT" and
compound nucleus processes, and the introduction of `doorway
states' and their connection with intermediate structure."
-
1972
John D. Anderson & Donald Robson
"For their contributions to the discovery and understanding
of analog states in complex nuclei. This work has greatly
extended the applicability of the concept of isospin symmetry,
offered new insights into nuclear dynamics, and provided a
new conceptual tool for the analysis of the structure of nuclear
states."
-
1971
Maurice Goldhaber
"For his many ideas and discoveries, spanning the field
of nuclear physics that have played vital roles in establishing
the nature of nuclei, the electromagnetic interactions with
nuclei, the weak interactions, and the validity of the conservation
laws central to all physics."
-
1970
William A. Fowler
"For leading and stimulating quantitative laboratory studies
of those nuclear process of importance in the astrophysical
environment, thereby increasing our understanding of the origin
of the elements and of stellar evolution."
-
1969
Gregory Breit
"For his early work on proton-induced nuclear reactions
which contributed to the pioneering Breit-Wigner theory of
nuclear resonances; for his early and continuing work on nucleon-nucleon
scattering which led to the recognition of charge independence
of nuclear forces; and for his many other theoretical contributions
arising from his intimate association with experiments in
many facets of physics."
-
1968
R. G. Herb
"For his pioneering development of the pressurized electrostatic
accelerator and other high precision equipment for nuclear
physics research, for early contributions to the proton-proton
scattering problems, and for a continuing series of experiments,
each setting a new standard of quality which profoundly affected
the whole course of nuclear physics research."
-
1967
Charles C. Lauritsen
"For his many contributions to the study of light nuclei
and to nuclear instrumentation, for his discovery of mirror
nuclei and for the scientific leadership which led to the
establishment of a center of nuclear research with the highest
standards at the California Institute of Technology."
-
1966
R. J. Van de Graff
"For his contribution to and continued development of the
electrostatic accelerator, a device that has unmeasurably
advanced nuclear physics."
-
1965
H. H. Barschall
"For his extended series of precise measurements of elastic
and inelastic scattering of neutrons from nuclei, which led
to the development of the absorbing optical model of the nucleus"
