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HISTORY OF BURUNDI - Important Dates and Persons - Updated: 25-Apr-2009
Editor: Trond Grainge Schjerven
Commerntaries by: Trond Grainge Schjerven (TGS), Desire Katihabwa (DK), Tharcisse Songore (TS)
SOURCES: Lemarchand; Chrétien; Reyntjens; Naikumana; Ndarubagiye, Songore, IRIN, RTNB, OCHA Burundi, AGnews, ninde.org

Commentary (TGS):
Royalty: King = mwami, People of princely origin = ganwa
Tutsi masses originaly divided into two main groups: Banyaruguru and Hima.
There are different opinions between historians about the origin of the Royalty the Hutus and the Tutsis. The same uncertainty is also shared by the people of Burundi and this note in AGnews illustrate the problem:


AGNEWS
(21-09-04):
"Ce que nous nous savons, c'est que  la société Burundaise est patriarcale. Le Tutsi  est l'enfant  issue d'un mariage conçue avec un  Muganwa (Prince).  Or un Muganwa, au  Burundi,  a  une paternité Hutu".

More on the fondation of the Monarchy can be found in History du Burundi at Netpress >

Kingdom, Colony, Mandate period and Independence
The Burundian Kingdom was founded around 1680
Summary period 1600 - 1966 (DK) The earliest inhabitants of the area were the Twa.They were largely replaced and absorbed by Bantu tribes during Bantu migrations.

Burundi existed as an independent kingdom from the sixteenth century. In 1903, it became a German colony and passed to Belgium in World War I. It was part of the Belgian League of Nations mandate of Ruanda-Urundi in 1923, later a United Nations Trust Territory under Belgian administrative authority following World War II. The origins of Burundi monarchy are veiled in myth. According to some legends, Ntare Rushatsi, founder of the original dynasty, came to Burundi from Rwanda in seventeenth century; other, more reliable sources, suggest that Ntare came from Buha, in the south-east, and laid the foundation for his kingdom in the Nkoma region.

Until the downfall of the monarchy in 1966, kingship remained one of last links that bound Burundi with its past.
c.1680 - c.1709 Ntare I Kivimira Savuyimba Semunganzashamba Rushatsi Cambarantama
c.1709 - c.1739 Mwezi I Ndayishinguje
c.1739 - c.1767 Mwezi Mutaga I Senyamwiza Mutamo (d. c.1767
c.1767 - c.1796 Mwezi Mwambutsa I Mbariza Syarushambo Butama (d. c.1796)
c.1796 - c.1850 Mwezi Ntare llI Rutaganzwa Rugamba (d. c.1850)
c.1850 Mwezi Ntare lV Rugamba dies and a stuggle for power starts between the royal claimant (the ganwas) that lasts until 1966.
c.1850 - 1908/Aug/21 Mwami Mwezi ll Gisabo Bikata-Bijogu (b. 1840 - d. 1908) - Ndivarije Regent the first years.


Le Roi Mwezi Gisabo and his descandants. (TS).
c.1860 - 1906/Apr Rebellion: Macoonco - Cyilima (Picture shows Cyilima) starts a rebellion against king Mwezi Gisabo. This rebellion opens up for the Germans to conquer Burundi.
Cyilima
1888 The Germans successfully conquer Burundi.


Overture du pays sur le monde exterieur. (TS).
1890/July/1 Burundi becomes part of German East Africa. (Ruanda-Urundi)
Les explorateurs, les missionnaires et colonisateurs Allemands.(TS)
1908/Aug/20 Mwami Mwezi Gisabo dies of malaria on the way home to Gitega after a meeting in Bujumbura with the German Resident. (The legends tells that if a King of Burundi sees the lake Tanganika he would be punished by death).
1908 -1915 King Gisabo’s son Mutaga Mbikije is coronated as king at the age of 15.
Regensy: Ndirikumutima (f)(1st time), Ntarugera (1st time), Nduwume (1st time)
1915/Nov/30 Mwami Mutaga Il Mbikije dies afther a fight with his brother Bangura who was suprised courting one of the kings two wives.
King Mbikije had two wives and one son with each wife: Bangiricenge and Katamtari. Before he died he chose Bangiricenge as his successor.
1915/Des/16 Mwami Mwambutsa Bangiricenge (b. 1912 - d. 1977) was coronated as King only 3 years old. He was named Mwambutsa IV in 1917.
Mwambutsa IV
1915 - 19.. Regensy: Ngezamayo (to 1915), Ndirikumutima (f)(2nd time) (to 1917), Ntarugera (2nd time)(to 1921), Nduwume (2nd time)(to 19..), Karabona (1917 - 19..)
1922/July/22 Burundi becomes a Belgian mandate under supervision of the League of Nations.
Le Burundi Sous Administration Belge.
1925 Administrative reform clearly reflects the Belgian preferential treatment of the Tutsi.
1946 United Nations trust territory under Belgium.
1959-62 The Rwandan Revolution.
pre 1961 UPRONA (Union pour le progres national): Created to demand independence in 1961 and was led by Prince Louis Rwagasore, a nationalist leader assassinated in October 1961.
Prince Louis Rwagasore was along with the Hutu Paul Mirerekano, one of the two pillars of the party and played an important role in leading the country towards independence. Uprona intended to be a party for all ethnic groups.
It remained after the election in 1961 the only official political party in Burundi until 1993 when multiparty politics were introduced.
pre 1961 Other parties in the pre election period: PDC (Parti Démocrate Chrétien ) and PP (Parti du Peuple) PP was financed by Mr Mauss, a Belgian fronting the colonial administration and aimed at dividing the Burundian nationalists.
1961/Jan Autonomy
1961/Jan/26 - 1961/Sep/28 Prime Minister: Joseph Cimpaye (Hutu) (b.1932 - d.1972)
1961/Sep/28 - 1961/Oct/13 Prime Minister: Prince Louis Rwagasore (Ganwa) (b. 1932 - d. 1961)

(Tribute to the Hero of Burundi independence - by Desire-Joseph Katihabwa)

Louis Rwagasore
1961/Sept/18 Elections were held to determine the ruling party after independence. Uprona obtain 58 of 64 seats in Parliament.
1961/Oct/13 The presidential candidate of Uprona, Rwagasore, is assassinated. He was shot by a Greek gunman in a PDC plot.
1961/Oct/20 - 1963/Jun/10 Prime Minister: Andre Muhirwa (Tutsi) (b. 1920 - d. 2003) (b. 1920 - d. 2003)
1962/July/1 Independence. King Mwambutsa Il is still head of the country. Burundian politicians decided to keep the king as the head of the country.
1962/Oct/16 The first constitution is promulgated. The political system a paliamentary monarchy.
1963/Jun/18 -1964/Apr/6 Prime Minister: Pierre Ngendandumwe (1st time) (Hutu) (b. 1930 - d. 1965)
Pierre Ngendandumwe
1964/Apr/6 -1965/Jan/7 Prime Minister: Albin Nyamoya (1st time) (Tutsi) (b. 1917 - d. 2001)
Albin Nyamoya
1965/Jan/7 - 1965/Jan/15 Prime Minister: Pierre Ngendandumwe (2nd time) (Hutu) dies 15.Jan.
Pierre Ngendandumwe
1965/Jan/15 -1965/Jan/26 Prime Minister: Pié Masumbuko (acting) (b. 1931)
1965/Jan/26 - 1965/Sep30 Prime Minister: Joseph Bamina (Hutu) (b. 1925 - d. 1965)
Joseph Bamina
1965/Oct/13 -1966/July/8 Prime Minister: Leopold Bihumugani (Ganwa) (b. 1919 - d. 2003)
1965/Oct/19 Unsuccessful attempt by Hutu officers to overthrow the monarchy. A number of Hutu politicians were executed. King Mwambutsa flees.
1966/July/8 Prince Charles Ndizeye (b. 1947 - d. 1972) was regent from July 8 to September 1 when he declares himself king. Mwami Ntare V.

Charles Ndizeye
1966/July/11 - 1966/Nov/28 Prime Minister: Michel Micombero (Tutsi) (b. 1940 - d. 1983)
The First Republic 1966 - 1976.
Summary period 1962 - 1993 (DK) From independence in 1962, until the elections of 1993, Burundi was controlled by a series of military dictators, all from the Tutsi minority. These years saw extensive ethnic violence including major incidents in 1964 and the late 1980s, and the Burundian genocide in 1972. In 1993, Burundi held its first democratic elections, which were won by the Hutu-dominated Front for Democracy in Burundi (FRODEBU). FRODEBU leader Melchior Ndadaye became Burundi's first Hutu President, but a few months later he was assassinated by a group of Tutsi army officers. The killing plunged Burundi into a vicious civil war.

In retaliation for Ndadaye's killing, Hutu extremists massacred thousands of Tutsi civilians. The Tutsi-dominated army responded by massacring similar amounts of Hutus. Years of instability followed until 1996, when former president Pierre Buyoya took power in a coup.
1966/Nov/28 Ntare V is overthrown by prime minister Michael Micombero (Tutsi) and leaves Burundi. Burundi is proclaimed a republic and a single party state with Uprona as the only authorised party.
1969 The Micombero regime announced that a Hutu-engineered coup had been planned for the night of September 16-17. This led to the arrest of about 30 Hutu personalities in the army and the government followed by the imprisonment and subsequent execution of scores of Hutu soldiers. The army becomes increasingly Hima Tutsi dominated.
1971/July Charges of conspiracy were brought against seven leading Muramvya personalities. The political situation was now incredibly tense.
1972/July/15 -1973/Jun/5 Prime Minister: Albin Nyamoya (2nd time) (Tutsi)
Albin Nyamoya
1972/Mars/30 Ntare V returns to Burundi due to fals premises and is detaind in Gitega.
1972/April/29 Micombero suddenly decides to dismiss all the members of the cabinet. A few hours later, a Hutu-led insurgency in Nyanza-Lac and Rumonge. Ntare V is murdered in Gitega. The king was buried in a common grave in Gitega Province with about hundred people killed the same day.
Assassinat du Roi Ntare V, - Alexis Sinduhije (Radio Publique Africaine - RPA)
1972/May/30 The government launches gruesome counterattacks. Between 100,000 and 200,000 people are killed, mostly Hutu. By August, almost every educated Hutu was either dead or in exile. This was to go down as one of the most gruesome attacks on human beings in history. With the loss of all educated Hutu, the Hutu were reduced to an underclass.
The Second Republic 1976 - 1987.
1976/Nov/1 Lt. Col. Jean-Baptiste Bagaza (Tutsi) overthrows Micombero’s regime. Bagaza’s justification for the coup was a perceived state of stagnation in the country.
1976/Nov/2 - 1987/Sep/3 President Jean-Baptiste Bagaza (Tutsi) (b. 1946)
1976/Nov/12 -1978/Oct/13 Prime Minister: Edouard Nzambimana (Tutsi) (b. 1945)
Edouard Nzambimana
1978/Oct/13 - 1988/Oct/19 The prime minister post is abolished.


The Third Republic 1987 - 1993.
1987/Sept/3 Maj. Pierre Buyoya (Tutsi) (b. 1949)  seizes power in a bloodless coup.
Pierre Buyoya
1988/Aug/14-15 Outbreak of violence in Ntega and Marangara. About 20,000 are killed, mostly Hutu.
1988/Oct/4 Buyoya appoints a National Commission to Study the Question of National Unity. The first official statement recognising the centrality of the Hutu-Tutsi problem.
1988/Oct/19 -1993/july/10 Prime Minister: Adrien Sibomana (Hutu) (b. 1953)
1992/March La Constitution burundaise is approved by referendum.
Civil war
1993 Multiparty politics were introduced; see political parties.
1993/June/1 Presidential election. The elections very much became a two-party affair. The Front démocratique du Burundi (Frodebu), with Melchior Ndadaye (Hutu) as presidential candidate, emerged as the only significant challenger to Buyoya’s Uprona. Frodebu claimed to be a party for both Hutu and Tutsi. However, starting at the end of 1992, it became clear that ethnicity was becoming a major electoral element Melchior Ndadaye wins (64.75%). Burundi Elections 1993 - 2005 & News Archive Election: May 2004 -Aug.2005
1993/July/2 Attempted coup by Tutsi military.
1993/July/10 Ndadaye’s government is inaugurated.
Prime Minister Sylvie Kinigi (f)(Tutsi) to 1994/Feb/7

Sylvie Kinigi
1993/July/10 - 1993/Oct/21 President Melchior Ndadaye (Hutu) (b. 1953 - d. 1993)
Melchior Ndadaye
1993/Oct/21 Successful coup by elements of the armed forces and Ndadaye is assassinated together with a number of other central Frodebu actors.
The post-Ndadaye era saw the creation of new Hutu-dominated resistance movements and since Ndadaye’s assassination there has been an ongoing civil war. The civil war has taken classic features of a guerrilla war where the population is being used as both a target and shield by the government’s army and the rebels.
1993/Okt/21 - 1993/Okt/27 François Ngeze (Tutsi) Chairman Committee for Public Salvation
1993/Oct/27 -1994/Feb/5 (President ?) & Prime Minister: Sylvie Kinigi (f) (Tutsi) (b. 1953)
Sylvie Kinigi
1994/Feb/5 -1994/Apr/6 President: Cyprien Ntaryamira (Hutu) (b. 1955 - d. 1994)
Cyprien Ntaryamira
1994/Feb/7 - 1995/Feb/22 Prime Minister: Anatole Kanyenkiko (Tutsi) (b. 1953)
1994/April/6 Plane crash with the presidents of Burundi and Rwanda, Cyprein Ntaryamira and Habyarimana. The beginning of the genocide in Rwanda.
1994/Apr/6 -1996/Jul/25 President: Sylvestre Ntibantunganya (Hutu) (b. 1956)
Sylvestre Ntibantunganya
1994/Jul/12 to 22 "Convention de Gouvernement" gives more power to the government parties and reduce posibility for the the Burundi people to influence the governing of the country.
1995/Feb/22 -1996/Jul/31 Prime Minister: Antoine Nduwayo (Tutsi) (b. 1942)
Antoine Nduwayo
1996/July/25 Buyoya overthrows the sitting government.
Pierre Buyoya
1996/July/31 - 1998/Jun/12 Prime Minister: Pascal-Firmin Ndmira (Hutu) (b. 1956)
Pascal-Firmin Ndmira
1998/Jun/12 The prime minister post is abolished
1998/June First peace talks in Arusha.
Summary period 2000 - 2004 (DK) In August 2000, a peace-deal agreed by all but two of Burundi's political groups laid out a timetable for the restoration of democracy. After several more years of violence, a cease-fire was signed in 2003 between Buyoya's government and the largest Hutu rebel group, CNDD-FDD.
Later that year, FRODEBU leader Domitien Ndayizeye replaced Buyoya as President. Yet the most extreme Hutu group, Palipehutu-FNL (commonly known as "FNL"), continued to refuse negotiations.
In August 2004, the group massacred 152 Congolese Tutsi refugees at the Gatumba refugee camp in western Burundi. In response to the attack, the Burundian government issued arrest warrants for the FNL leaders Agathon Rwasa and Pasteur Habimana, and declared the group a terrorist organisation
.
2001/Nov/1 Transitional government with Pierre Buyoya as president.
Pierre Buyoya
2002/Apr/30 Transitional government with Domitien Ndayizeye (Hutu) as president and prime minister.
Domitien Ndayizeye
2003/Oct/8 An agreement of implementation of a ceasefire deal reached in December 2002 is signed with Conseil National pour la Defense de la Democratie-Forces pour la Defense de la Democratie (CNDD-FDD).
2004/May/21 The United Nations Security Council unanimously approve to deploy up to 5,650 military personnel to help Burundi with restoring peace and bringing about national reconciliation.
2004/June/1 UN take over African peacekeeping force in Burundi.
The 2,700 African Union (AU) troops from South Africa, Ethiopia and Mozambique will be incorporated in the new force, which will eventually number 5,650, including 200 observers, 125 staff officers, 120 police officers and civilian personnel. The newcomers will come from Pakistan, Nepal, Angola and Mozambique
.
2004/Aug/4 The former rebel movement the Conseil national de défense de la démocratie-Forces de défense de la démocratie (CNDD-FDD) turns into political party.
2004/Aug/31 The National Assembly passed a legislation establishing a South-African-style Truth and Reconciliation Commission. The bill was passed by a vote of 121 in favor, 11 against and 18 abstentions.
2004/Sep/1 Parliament creates electoral commission.
2004/Sep/17 Lawmakers agreed unanimously a new draft constitution. But Jean Baptiste Manwangari, UPRONA party chairman, and his Tutsis-dominated parties reject the current draft for a post-transition constitution.
2004/Oct/15 The disagreement about the constitution and the general political situation led to an inititative to hold a summit on the situation in Burundi. Participants: Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni, who chairs the region's initiatives on Burundi, also chaired the summit. Presidents Domitien Ndayizeye of Burundi, Paul Kagame of Rwanda, Mwai Kibaki of Kenya and newly installed Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed of Somalia attended. South African Deputy President Jacob Zuma, who is the facilitator of the Burundi peace process and the UN Secretary-General's Special Representative to Burundi, Carolyn McAskie.
The summit endorsed an electorial calendar submitted to it by the Independent National Commission. According to this calendar:
  • The Transitional Government will be extended 6 months
  • Burundi's presidential elections will be held on the 22 April 2005
  • A referendum on the country's post-transition constitution that had been scheduled for 20 of October is now to be held on 26 November

Burundian President Domitien Ndayizeye said the Nairobi plan would be submitted to Burundi's transitional parliament. If it adopts the plan, it would act as an interim constitution starting on 1 November when the mandate for the current transitional constitution would have expired. The interim constitution would then remain in place until the post transitional constitution is adopted.

2004/Oct/20 The interim constitution was ratified by the Parliament with 197 votes. 74 delegates (from the TUTSI partis) were absent.
2004/Oct/31 The danger of a constitutional crisis in Burundi ended when six Tutsi-dominated parties dropped their opposition to the country's current interim constitution.
2005/Feb/28 Voters in Burundi took part in the country's first democratic poll in 12 years. The result: an overwhelming majority for the post-transitional Constitution.90.1% of the 2.89 million Brurundians that voted polled "Yes".
3.13 million Brurundians had registered as voters. The turnout was 92,4% and 50,7 % of the voters were women.
The constitutional referendum is the first step towards local, parliamentary and presidential elections.
Elections >
Summary period 2005 - 2006 (DK) In May 2005, a cease-fire was finally agreed between the FNL and the Burundian government, but fighting continued. Renewed negotiations are now under way, amid fears that the FNL will demand a blanket amnesty in exchange for laying down their arms.
A series of elections, held in mid-2005 were won by the former Hutu rebel National Council for the Defense of Democracy-Forces for the Defense of Democracy (CNDD-FDD). On September 7, 2006, a second ceasefire agreement was signed.
2005/May/15 Burundian President Domitien Ndayizeye and Agathon Rwasa, the leader of the country's remaining rebel group, the Forces nationales de libération (FNL), agreed to end hostilities and to work for lasting and sustainable peace in the country. Declaration >
2005/Jun/03 Communal Elections.
Out of 3,225 seats in competition, CNDD-FDD won 1,781 seats, followed by FRODEBU party with 822 seats. Union pour le Progrès National (UPRONA), came third with 260 seats followed by Movement for the Rehabilitation of Citizens (MRC), with 88 seats.
80.6 percent of the registered voters voted.
2005/July/04 Parliamentary election
The FDD's was also victorious in the parliamentary election. FDD won 59 out the 100 seats available in parliament. FRODEBU came second followed by UPRONA.
The turnout was lower than at the Communal Election. Near 74% percent of the registered voters voted. People around the capital Bujumbura were fearful of attacks by the FNL.
Elections >
2005/July/29 Senate election.
CNDD-FDD candidates won the seats in the provinces of Cibitoke, Cankuzo, Gitega, Mwaro, Muyinga, Bubanza, Karuzi, Kayanza, Ngozi, Ruyigi, and Kirundo.
Some 119 candidates are contesting the 34 senatorial seats. The elected senators, along with the recently elected assemblymen, are to elect the country’s president on 19 August.
2005/Aug/19 Presidential election: Pierre Nkurunziza from CNDD-FDD was voted in as president. The parliament voted 151 to 9 for Pierre Nkurunziza as the first post-transitional president.

IRIN 19.08.05: "Nkurunziza, 40, won 91.52 percent of the votes cast by a joint congress of the National Assembly and the Senate, the two houses of parliament. Running on the ticket of the Conseil pour la defense de la democratie-Force pour la defense de la democratie, Nkurunziza was the sole presidential candidate. He required two-thirds of the vote, corresponding to 108 ballots, to win in the first round."


Pierre Nkurunziza
2005/Aug/16 First female speaker of the National Assambly - Nahayo Immaculeé - is elected.
Nahayo Immaculeé
2005/Aug/26 Pierre Nkurunziza was sworn in as president - for a five-year period.
2005/Aug/29 Two vice-presidents sworn in: First Vice-President Martin Nduwimana (Union pour le progress National) - in charge of political affairs, Second Vice-President Alice Nzomukunda (CNDD-FDD) -head of social and economic affairs.
Martin Nduwimana
2006/Mar/7 Coup plot uncovered, president says
BUJUMBURA, 7 Mar 2006 (IRIN) - Burundi's internal intelligence service, the Service de renseignement, has uncovered a plot to overthrow the government, President Pierre Nkurunziza has said.
IRIN REPORT
2006/Mar/25 The main opposition party FRODEBU pulls out of the national unity government, accusing Nkurunzizas coalition of failing to abide by the constitutional agreement on power-sharing and failing to promote democracy.
2006/Apr/15 A 13-year nationwide midnight-to-dawn curfew is lifted. The government declars that 95 percent of Burundian territory is at peace.
2006/June/11 Peace talks between the government and the FNL; the remaining rebel group reached a successful conclusion. The peace pact that seeked to end the country's 12 year old civil war also ensured immunity from prosecution for the rebels. However, the FNL leader, Agathon Rwasa sayed ethnicity still remains a problem after a war which left nearly 300 000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus dead. A.N.D
2006/June/18 Burundi's government and the country's last rebel group tentatively agreed to end hostilities and sign a comprehensive cease-fire deal in two weeks.
Burundian Home Affairs Minister Brig. Gen. Erneste Ndayishimye and Agathon Rwasa, leader of the rebel National Liberation Force group, signed the agreement after more than two weeks of negotiations.
President Jakaya Kikwete, Burundi President Pierre Nkurunziza and South African President Thabo Mbeki were witnesses to the signing in Dar es Salaam.
Accords de principe signe ce dimanche 18 juin entre GoB et FNL-version francaise:

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2006/July/02 Peace talks aimed at producing a permanent ceasefire to end Burundi's 13-year civil war remained stalled as the 02.07.06 self-imposed deadline passed.
2006/Aug/26 Earlier this week, authorities in Burundi detained former president Domitien Ndayizeye. Several other prominent politicians, including former vice president (30 April 2003 to 11 November 2004) Alphonse-Marie Kadege, have also been arrested in connection with the alleged coup plot.
2006/Sep/05 Second Vice President Alice Nzomukunda resigns. She blaming official corruption and human rights abuses for derailing promising progress towards peace.
2006/Sep/07 The government and the country's last rebel group FNL sign a full cease-fire today, ending 12 years of civil war.
The agreement was signed by President Pierre Nkurunziza and Agathon Rwasa, leader of the rebel National Liberation Force, said Dieno Khama, a South African mediator.
2006/Nov/30 Burundi and Rwanda were accepted to join the East African Community, a regional grouping originally established to enhance economic integration for Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania.
The inclusion of the two countries was made at the EAC Heads of State Summit, which drew leaders of the three countries plus the two entrants.
2007/Jan Former President Domitien Ndayizeye walks free from jail after he and four others are acquitted of plotting a coup.
2007/Mar/27 FNL quit a ceasefire monitoring team, saying government forces had not been withdrawn from areas under their control. The team began work i Feb. ReliefWeb
2007/Apr/27 Hussein Rajabu, the chaiman of the party in power, 'National Council for the Defence of Democracy - Forces for the Defence of Democracy' (CNDD-FDD), was arrested. He was charged with an attemt to overthrow President Pierre Nkurunziza. Rajabu was earlier responsible for the imprissonment for 7 months of former president Domitien Ndayizeye and others being accused of planning a coup d'etat in June last year.

See also: iol Jan 16 2007


Hussein Rajabu
2007/Jun/18 Burundi & Rwanda is today officially embraced as full members of the East African Community. The accession of Burundi and Rwanda into the EAC Treaty brings the total population in EAC (Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda,Tanzania, Uganda) to about 120 million.
President Pierre Nkurunziza and his Rwandian counterpart, Paul Kagame, respectively sign the Accession Treaty at Serena Hotel, Kampala.
The event was witnessed by Presidents Yoweri Museveni of Uganda, who is the summit chairman, Mwai Kibaki of Kenya and Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete.

(Photo/C. Kazooba - The New Times, Kampala 
2008/Dec/05 Peace agreement (first step)
An agreement to end conflicts in the country was signed by Burundi President Pierre Nkurunziza and Pelipehutu Federation for National Liberation (Pelipehutu-FNL) rebel movement, led by Agaghony Rwasa. The peace summit was held in Bujumbura. Four heads of state and government who included Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni, Mr Nkurunziza, Mr Banda, representatives of the African Union (AU), FNL's Mr Rwasa, vice-presidents and ministers representing the Great Lakes Region atended the summit.
 
2009/Jan/27 Seal Railway Deal
Tanzania, Rwanda and Burundi have signed a deal to develop a multinational railway network linking the three neighbouring countries.
 
2009/Apr/22

Peace agreement (second step)
FNL accredited as a political party. The certification of the Forces Nationales de Libération (FNL) follows the separation and formal disarmament of its armed wing, including the separation of children associated with the group.
This should be the last obstacle before the signing of a Peace agreement.

UN News Centre:
Ban welcomes political conversion of former militia


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